The Infra-red Spectra of Complex Molecules.

Oligomerisation of isobutene with silica supported ionic liquid catalysts

An original approach to α-olefin oligomerization as well as novel thermally stable zirconocene catalysts for use in such reactions has been elaborated. The method reported allows the achievement of fractions of lightweight α-olefin oligomers up to 90% yields without considerable formation of byproducts like internal alkenes, alkanes, and higher oligomers. Trimers, tetramers, and pentamers of 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-decene were isolated as individual compounds and were hydrogenated. Viscosity characteristics of the isolated saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons have been studied at various temperatures. The isolated saturated oligomers of 1-octene and 1-decene outperform the traditional electrophilic oligomerization products in terms of viscosity indexes, pour points, and low-temperature viscosity.

Structurally uniform 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-decene oligomers: Zirconocene/MAO-catalyzed preparation, characterization, and prospects of their use as low-viscosity low-temperature oil base stocks

High molecular weight alcohol and ether fuels with their advanced autoignition propensities and oxygenated molecular structures are promising future fuel candidates for compression-ignition engine ...

Higher Alcohol and Ether Biofuels for Compression-Ignition Engine Application: A Review with Emphasis on Combustion Kinetics

The synthesis of cationic amphiphilic 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, potential gene delivery agent is achieved via an efficient multi-step sequence. The key step of this approach is a two-component Hantzsch type cyclisation of 3-oxo-2-[1-phenylmethylidene]-butyric acid dodecyl ester and 3-amino-but-2-enoic acid dodecyl ester utilising bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether as a solvent and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride as a catalyst. The 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative with long alkyl ester chains at positions 3 and 5 of the 1,4-DHP ring — 3,5-bis(dodecyloxycarbonyl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine was obtained in substantially higher yield with respect to classical Hantzsch synthesis. Bromination of this compound followed by nucleophilic substitution of bromine with pyridine gave the desired cationic amphiphilic 1,4-dihydropyridine.

Use of pyridinium ionic liquids as catalysts for the synthesis of 3,5-bis(dodecyloxycarbonyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine derivative

In the present paper, the results of 1-hexene oligomerization in the presence of recyclable chloroaluminate type ionic-liquid catalysts and their combination with Ti-containing complexes with “grafted ionic-liquid” type ligands are reported. The possibility of selective preparation of products with predominantly (∼70%) oligoalkylnaphthenic structure and narrow molecular weight distribution ( M w / M n  = 1.03–1.55) is shown. The regulation of molecular weights of oligomer products is achieved by changing the molar ratio of the catalytic system components. The mechanism of selective formation of oligoalkylnaphthenic hydrocarbons by oligocyclization of α-olefins in the presence of ionic-liquid catalysts is suggested. The term of oligocyclization is used to indicate consecutive reactions of oligomerization and cyclization, mediated by the same catalytic center or catalyst. The oils obtained are qualified as the novel class of synthetic oils, namely as the class of synthetic oligoalkylnaphthenic oils.

Selective synthesis and the mechanism of formation of the oligoalkylnaphthenic oils by oligocyclization of 1-hexene in the presence of ionic-liquid catalysts

In this present paper, the result of C6-C12 α-olefins oligomerizaton in the presence
of recyclable chloroaluminate type ionic-liquid catalysts and their combination
with Ti-containing complexes is presented. By different methods of analysis the
composition and structure of oligoalkylnaphtenic products obtained in the
presence of ionic-liquid catalysts and Ti-containing modifiers have been
studied.

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Oligoalkylnaphthenic (C6-C12) Oils Obtained in the Presence of Ti-Containing Ionic-Liquid Catalysts

In this study, Fe2O3.Al2O3/polyethylene composites were prepared using a two-step process. In the first step, PE is synthesized using titanium based metallocene catalyst system. While the synthesized PE was subsequently purified, hydrated alumina filled PE (MHFP) composites was formed by the hydrolysis of methylaluminoxane (MAO). In the second step, Fe2O3.Al2O3/PE was prepared via thermal decomposition of ferric formate in a high temperature solution of MHFP composite. The structure, morphology, and thermal properties of the composites were characterized using the XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, and DSC analytical techniques. Results showed that the incorporation of a suitable amount of Fe2O3.Al2O3 into the composites enhances the thermal stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

Synthesis, structure, and thermo-physical properties of Fe2O3.Al2O3 and polyethylene nanocomposites

There have been synthesized the novel sulfocationites on the basis of graft copolymers of polystyrene with oligostyrene, and their metal-polymer composites based on the titanium-containing compound with the grafted ionic-liquid type ligands. Esterifacation reaction of synthetic naphthen acid (SNA) fraction with heptyl alcohol as a model reaction has been investigated in the presence of the novel sulfocationites and Ti-containing metal-polymer composites on their basis. Structural group content and molecular mass characteristics of primary and end esterification products have been identified using PMR, NMR, IR-spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromotography methods, correspondingly. The results of the investigations carried out show that the esterification reactions of SNA with alcohols are complex process in the course of which the primary esterification reactions, opening of the five-membered cycles in the condensed naphthenic fragments with formation of oxy-ethers and/or oxy-acids, products of their polycondensation, lactone formation as well as decarboxylation reactions take place. The yields of the basic and side products strongly depend on the nature and method of the sulfocationite and their titanium-containing modificates type catalysts preparation.

The new esterification catalysts and the nature of reactions proceeding at esterification of synthetic naphthenic acids in their presence

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for the oligomerization of ethylene comprising at least one transition metal bisphenolate compound and at least one cocatalyst. The transition metal bisphenolate is a zirconium bisphenolate. The invention also relates to a process for the oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of the catalyst composition according to the invention. The process results in a high yield of C4-C18 linear alpha-olefm and C6-C10 linear alpha-olefin.

Akif Hamid Azizov

Papers

Selective synthesis and the mechanism of formation of the oligoalkylnaphthenic oils by oligocyclization of 1-hexene in the presence of ionic-liquid catalysts

Oligoalkylnaphthenic (C6-C12) Oils Obtained in the Presence of Ti-Containing Ionic-Liquid Catalysts

Synthesis, structure, and thermo-physical properties of Fe2O3.Al2O3 and polyethylene nanocomposites

The new esterification catalysts and the nature of reactions proceeding at esterification of synthetic naphthenic acids in their presence

A catalyst composition and a process for the oligomerization of ethylene