Alan Aderem

TL;DR: It is reported that mammalian TLR5 recognizes bacterial flagellin from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and that activation of the receptor mobilizes the nuclear factor NF-κB and stimulates tumour necrosis factor-α production, and the data suggest thatTLR5, a member of the evolutionarily conserved Toll-like receptor family, has evolved to permit mammals specifically to detect flageLLated bacterial pathogens.

TL;DR: A group of proteins that comprise the Toll or Toll-like family of receptors perform this role in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and it is therefore not surprising that studies of the mechanism by which they act has revealed new and important insights into host defence.

TL;DR: Macrophages also play an important role in the recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells; a notable feature of this process is the absence of an inflammatory response.

TL;DR: The data suggest that TLRs sample the contents of the phagosome independent of the nature of the contents, and can establish a combinatorial repertoire to discriminate among the large number of pathogen-associated molecular patterns found in nature.

TL;DR: This finding represents a new component of the innate immune system and the acute phase response to infection and limits bacterial growth by sequestrating the iron-laden siderophore.