Alan Ceresa

TL;DR: The lower detection limits of ion-selective polymeric membrane electrodes (ISEs) are in the micromolar range except when sample ion activities are adjusted by using ion buffers, which maintain low and constant activity via superimposed complexation or solubility equilibria as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of the composition of the internal electrolyte solution on the response of Pb2+ and Ca2+-selective membrane electrodes and showed that the lower detection limit is improved by generating, in the membrane, ionic gradients that lead to a flux of primary ions toward the inner reference electrolyte.

TL;DR: A much simplified and more practical steady-state model of zero-current ion fluxes is derived, which allows one to predict achievable lower detection limits for a membrane with given selectivities and can be used to predict the optimal composition of the inner filling solution for the measurement of samples with a known, typical ionic background.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that potentiometric polymeric membrane electrodes based on electrically neutral ionophores are useful analytical tools for heavy metal ion determinations in drinking water at nanomolar total concentrations.

TL;DR: In this paper, steady-state model calculations have been used to predict the influence of various parameters on the response function and the lower detection limit of conventional polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs).