Analysis of Contingency Tables

Ontologies, as sets of concepts and their interrelations in a specific domain, have proven to be a useful tool in the areas of digital libraries, the semantic web, and personalized information management. As a result, there is a growing need for effective ontology visualization for design, management and browsing. There exist several ontology visualization methods and also a number of techniques used in other contexts that could be adapted for ontology representation. The purpose of this article is to present these techniques and categorize their characteristics and features in order to assist method selection and promote future research in the area of ontology visualization.

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Ontology visualization methods—a survey

What Happened in CLEF 2004?.- What Happened in CLEF 2004?.- I. Ad Hoc Text Retrieval Tracks.- CLEF 2004: Ad Hoc Track Overview and Results Analysis.- Selection and Merging Strategies for Multilingual Information Retrieval.- Using Surface-Syntactic Parser and Deviation from Randomness.- Cross-Language Retrieval Using HAIRCUT at CLEF 2004.- Experiments on Statistical Approaches to Compensate for Limited Linguistic Resources.- Application of Variable Length N-Gram Vectors to Monolingual and Bilingual Information Retrieval.- Integrating New Languages in a Multilingual Search System Based on a Deep Linguistic Analysis.- IR-n r2: Using Normalized Passages.- Using COTS Search Engines and Custom Query Strategies at CLEF.- Report on Thomson Legal and Regulatory Experiments at CLEF-2004.- Effective Translation, Tokenization and Combination for Cross-Lingual Retrieval.- Two-Stage Refinement of Transitive Query Translation with English Disambiguation for Cross-Language Information Retrieval: An Experiment at CLEF 2004.- Dictionary-Based Amharic - English Information Retrieval.- Dynamic Lexica for Query Translation.- SINAI at CLEF 2004: Using Machine Translation Resources with a Mixed 2-Step RSV Merging Algorithm.- Mono- and Crosslingual Retrieval Experiments at the University of Hildesheim.- University of Chicago at CLEF2004: Cross-Language Text and Spoken Document Retrieval.- UB at CLEF2004: Cross Language Information Retrieval Using Statistical Language Models.- MIRACLE's Hybrid Approach to Bilingual and Monolingual Information Retrieval.- Searching a Russian Document Collection Using English, Chinese and Japanese Queries.- Dublin City University at CLEF 2004: Experiments in Monolingual, Bilingual and Multilingual Retrieval.- Finnish, Portuguese and Russian Retrieval with Hummingbird SearchServerTM at CLEF 2004.- Data Fusion for Effective European Monolingual Information Retrieval.- The XLDB Group at CLEF 2004.- The University of Glasgow at CLEF 2004: French Monolingual Information Retrieval with Terrier.- II. Domain-Specific Document Retrieval.- The Domain-Specific Track in CLEF 2004: Overview of the Results and Remarks on the Assessment Process.- University of Hagen at CLEF 2004: Indexing and Translating Concepts for the GIRT Task.- IRIT at CLEF 2004: The English GIRT Task.- Ricoh at CLEF 2004.- GIRT and the Use of Subject Metadata for Retrieval.- III. Interactive Cross-Language Information Retrieval.- iCLEF 2004 Track Overview: Pilot Experiments in Interactive Cross-Language Question Answering.- Interactive Cross-Language Question Answering: Searching Passages Versus Searching Documents.- Improving Interaction with the User in Cross-Language Question Answering Through Relevant Domains and Syntactic Semantic Patterns.- Cooperation, Bookmarking, and Thesaurus in Interactive Bilingual Question Answering.- Summarization Design for Interactive Cross-Language Question Answering.- Interactive and Bilingual Question Answering Using Term Suggestion and Passage Retrieval.- IV. Multiple Language Question Answering.- Overview of the CLEF 2004 Multilingual Question Answering Track.- A Question Answering System for French.- Cross-Language French-English Question Answering Using the DLT System at CLEF 2004.- Experiments on Robust NL Question Interpretation and Multi-layered Document Annotation for a Cross-Language Question/Answering System.- Making Stone Soup: Evaluating a Recall-Oriented Multi-stream Question Answering System for Dutch.- The DIOGENE Question Answering System at CLEF-2004.- Cross-Lingual Question Answering Using Off-the-Shelf Machine Translation.- Bulgarian-English Question Answering: Adaptation of Language Resources.- Answering French Questions in English by Exploiting Results from Several Sources of Information.- Finnish as Source Language in Bilingual Question Answering.- miraQA: Experiments with Learning Answer Context Patterns from the Web.- Question Answering for Spanish Supported by Lexical Context Annotation.- Question Answering Using Sentence Parsing and Semantic Network Matching.- First Evaluation of Esfinge - A Question Answering System for Portuguese.- University of Evora in QA@CLEF-2004.- COLE Experiments at QA@CLEF 2004 Spanish Monolingual Track.- Does English Help Question Answering in Spanish?.- The TALP-QA System for Spanish at CLEF 2004: Structural and Hierarchical Relaxing of Semantic Constraints.- ILC-UniPI Italian QA.- Question Answering Pilot Task at CLEF 2004.- Evaluation of Complex Temporal Questions in CLEF-QA.- V. Cross-Language Retrieval in Image Collections.- The CLEF 2004 Cross-Language Image Retrieval Track.- Caption and Query Translation for Cross-Language Image Retrieval.- Pattern-Based Image Retrieval with Constraints and Preferences on ImageCLEF 2004.- How to Visually Retrieve Images from the St. Andrews Collection Using GIFT.- UNED at ImageCLEF 2004: Detecting Named Entities and Noun Phrases for Automatic Query Expansion and Structuring.- Dublin City University at CLEF 2004: Experiments with the ImageCLEF St. Andrew's Collection.- From Text to Image: Generating Visual Query for Image Retrieval.- Toward Cross-Language and Cross-Media Image Retrieval.- FIRE - Flexible Image Retrieval Engine: ImageCLEF 2004 Evaluation.- MIRACLE Approach to ImageCLEF 2004: Merging Textual and Content-Based Image Retrieval.- Cross-Media Feedback Strategies: Merging Text and Image Information to Improve Image Retrieval.- ImageCLEF 2004: Combining Image and Multi-lingual Search for Medical Image Retrieval.- Multi-modal Information Retrieval Using FINT.- Medical Image Retrieval Using Texture, Locality and Colour.- SMIRE: Similar Medical Image Retrieval Engine.- A Probabilistic Approach to Medical Image Retrieval.- UB at CLEF2004 Cross Language Medical Image Retrieval.- Content-Based Queries on the CasImage Database Within the IRMA Framework.- Comparison and Combination of Textual and Visual Features for Interactive Cross-Language Image Retrieval.- MSU at ImageCLEF: Cross Language and Interactive Image Retrieval.- VI. Cross-Language Spoken Document Retrieval.- CLEF 2004 Cross-Language Spoken Document Retrieval Track.- VII. Issues in CLIR and in Evaluation.- The Key to the First CLEF with Portuguese: Topics, Questions and Answers in CHAVE.- How Do Named Entities Contribute to Retrieval Effectiveness?.

Multilingual information access for text, speech and images : 5th workshop of the cross-language evaluation forum, CLEF 2004, Bath, UK, September 15-17, 2004, revised selected papers

Software visualization studies techniques and methods for graphically representing different aspects of software. Its main goal is to enhance, simplify and clarify the mental representation a software engineer has of a computer system. During many years, visualization in 2D space has been actively studied, but in the last decade, researchers have begun to explore new 3D representations for visualizing software. In this article, we present an overview of current research in the area, describing several major aspects like: visual representations, interaction issues, evaluation methods and development tools. We also perform a survey of some representative tools to support different tasks, i.e., software maintenance and comprehension, requirements validation and algorithm animation for educational purposes, among others. Finally, we conclude identifying future research directions.

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An Overview of 3D Software Visualization

Pervasive computing is by its nature open and extensible, and must integrate the information from a diverse range of sources. This leads to a problem of information exchange, so sub-systems must agree on shared representations. Ontologies potentially provide a well-founded mechanism for the representation and exchange of such structured information. A number of ontologies have been developed specifically for use in pervasive computing, none of which appears to cover adequately the space of concerns applicable to application designers. We compare and contrast the most popular ontologies, evaluating them against the system challenges generally recognized within the pervasive computing community. We identify a number of deficiencies that must be addressed in order to apply the ontological techniques successfully to next-generation pervasive systems.

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Ontology-based models in pervasive computing systems

In this paper a new approach to ontology visualization is introduced, using a more than 3-dimensional space. The ontology information is represented on a 3D view-port enriched by visual cues. A preliminary application based on the presented principles is described, and results show that the approach is feasible and can actually lead to a more effective modeling process and to an easy detection of “conceptual inconsistencies”. The opinions of domain experts are also quite positive and seem to indicate that the approach is promising and can be extended for creating “user friendly” ontology editors for people with low ICT skills.

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OntoSphere: more than a 3D ontology visualization tool

The introduction of semantics on the web will lead to a new generation of services based on content rather than on syntax. Search engines will provide topic-based searches, retrieving resources conceptually related to the user informational need. Queries will be expressed in several ways, and will be mapped on the semantic level defining topics that must be retrieved from the web. Moving towards this new Web era, effective semantic search engines will provide means for successful searches avoiding the heavy burden experimented by users in a classical query-string based search task. In this paper we propose a search engine based on web resource semantics. Resources to be retrieved are semantically annotated using an existing open semantic elaboration platform and an ontology is used to describe the knowledge domain into which perform queries. Ontology navigation provides semantic level reasoning in order to retrieve meaningful resources with respect to a given information request.

http://www.wseas.us/e-library/conferences/venice2004/papers/472-334.pdf

Ontology Driven Semantic Search

Today we are using an unprecedented wealth of social media platforms to generate and share information regarding a wide class of events, which include extreme meteorological conditions and natural hazards such as floods. This paper proposes an automated set of services that start from the availability of weather forecasts, including both an event detection technique and a selective information retrieval from on-line social media. The envisioned services aim to provide qualitative feedback for meteorological models, detect the occurrence of an emergency event and extract informative content that can be used to complement the situational awareness. We implement such services and evaluate them during a recent weather induced flood. Our approach could be highly beneficial for monitoring agencies and meteorological offices, who act in the early warning phase, and also for authorities and first responders, who manage the emergency response phase.

https://zenodo.org/record/2553119/files/Early-detection-information_AcceptedVersion.pdf

Early detection and information extraction for weather-induced floods using social media streams

In 2001, two distinct revolutionary approaches to distributed system integration and Web content diffusion were proposed: autonomic computing and the semantic Web. These approaches are currently two of the most active research fields in the information technology area. After three years, many common themes came out: while autonomic computing research is focused on providing ways to define "self-surviving" systems, the semantic Web struggles to define Web content semantics producing complex and distributed services on the Internet. In a sense, the first area approaches systems defining the "internal, operational knowledge", while the second defines the knowledge about the environment into which software entities and humans should cohabit. This paper lies in the convergence of the two approaches and proposes an agent-based system able to semantically characterize and search a set of Web resources, and to maintain and update its knowledge base by means of monitoring sensors and interaction with external Web services. First experimental results confirm the validity of the combined approach in terms of search recall, thanks to autonomous update of covered topics.

An agent based autonomic semantic platform

In this paper we propose a novel approach for inspecting and editing ontologies using a 3-dimensional space, where information is represented on a 3D viewport enriched by several visual cues. This approach aims at tackling space allocation issues for ontology visual models by adopting a dynamic collapsing mechanism and different views, at different granularities, for granting a constant navigability of the rendered model. A Protege plug-in, based on the presented principles and named OntoSphere3D, has been developed. Preliminary results, comparing it to other solutions as Jambalaya, OWLViz and TgViz on specific operations, show that the approach is feasible and can actually lead to a more effective modeling process with respect to currently available solutions.

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Alessio Bosca

Papers

OntoSphere: more than a 3D ontology visualization tool

Ontology Driven Semantic Search

Early detection and information extraction for weather-induced floods using social media streams

An agent based autonomic semantic platform

OntoSphere3D: A Multidimensional Visualization Tool for Ontologies