http://nuclear.korea.ac.kr/~bhong/class/WhitePaper_BRAHMS_RUN1-3.pdf

Quark gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The Perspective from the BRAHMS experiment

http://fig.if.usp.br/~mleite/PDF/0410022.pdf

The PHOBOS Perspective on Discoveries at RHIC

Tri-bimaximal mixing and the neutrino oscillation data

Topology of the gauge condition and new confinement phases in non-abelian gauge theories

Euclid is a European Space Agency medium-class mission selected for launch in 2020 within the cosmic vision 2015–2025 program. The main goal of Euclid is to understand the origin of the accelerated expansion of the universe. Euclid will explore the expansion history of the universe and the evolution of cosmic structures by measuring shapes and red-shifts of galaxies as well as the distribution of clusters of galaxies over a large fraction of the sky. Although the main driver for Euclid is the nature of dark energy, Euclid science covers a vast range of topics, from cosmology to galaxy evolution to planetary research. In this review we focus on cosmology and fundamental physics, with a strong emphasis on science beyond the current standard models. We discuss five broad topics: dark energy and modified gravity, dark matter, initial conditions, basic assumptions and questions of methodology in the data analysis. This review has been planned and carried out within Euclid’s Theory Working Group and is meant to provide a guide to the scientific themes that will underlie the activity of the group during the preparation of the Euclid mission.

/pdf/cosmology-and-fundamental-physics-with-the-euclid-satellite-1pi37a138r.pdf

Cosmology and Fundamental Physics with the Euclid Satellite

Statistical models of fragmentation processes

Efforts to place limits on deviations from canonical formulations of electromagnetism and gravity have probed length scales increasing dramatically over time. Historically, these studies have passed through three stages: (1) testing the power in the inverse-square laws of Newton and Coulomb, (2) seeking a nonzero value for the rest mass of photon or graviton, and (3) considering more degrees of freedom, allowing mass while preserving explicit gauge or general-coordinate invariance. Since the previous review the lower limit on the photon Compton wavelength has improved by four orders of magnitude, to about one astronomical unit, and rapid current progress in astronomy makes further advance likely. For gravity there have been vigorous debates about even the concept of graviton rest mass. Meanwhile there are striking observations of astronomical motions that do not fit Einstein gravity with visible sources. ''Cold dark matter'' (slow, invisible classical particles) fits well at large scales. ''Modified Newtonian dynamics'' provides the best phenomenology at galactic scales. Satisfying this phenomenology is a requirement if dark matter, perhaps as invisible classical fields, could be correct here too. ''Dark energy''might be explained by a graviton-mass-like effect, with associated Compton wavelength comparable to the radius of the visible universe. Significant mass limitsmore » are summarized in a table.« less

Photon and graviton mass limits

We give a review of methods used to set a limit on the mass $\ensuremath{\mu}$ of the photon. Direct tests for frequency dependence of the speed of light are discussed, along with more sensitive techniques which test Coulomb's Law and its analog in magnetostatics. The link between dynamic and static implications of finite $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is deduced from a set of postulates that make Proca's equations the unique generalization of Maxwell's. We note one hallowed postulate, that of energy conservation, which may be tested severely using pulsar signals. We present the merits of the old methods and of possible new experiments, and discuss other physical implications of finite $\ensuremath{\mu}$. A simple theorem is proved: For an experiment confined in dimensions D, effects of finite $\ensuremath{\mu}$ are of order ${(\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{D})}^{2}$---there is no "resonance" as the oscillation frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ approaches $\ensuremath{\mu}$ ($\ensuremath{\hbar}=c=1$). The best results from past experiments are (a) terrestrial measurements of $c$ at different frequencies $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\le}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}43}\mathrm{g}\ensuremath{\equiv}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\equiv}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10} \mathrm{eV}$ (b) measurements of radio dispersion in pulsar signals (whistler effect) $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\le}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}44}\mathrm{g}\ensuremath{\equiv}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\equiv}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12} \mathrm{eV}$ (c) laboratory tests of Coulomb's law $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\le}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}47}\mathrm{g}\ensuremath{\equiv}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\equiv}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14} \mathrm{eV}$ (d) limits on a constant "external" magnetic field at the earth's surface $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\le}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}48}\mathrm{g}\ensuremath{\equiv}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\equiv}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15} \mathrm{eV}.$ Observations of the Galactic magnetic field could improve the limit dramatically.

Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Limits on The Photon Mass

An object composed of a spinless electrically charged particle and a spinless magnetically charged particle may bear net half-integer spin, but the wave function of two such clusters must be symmetric under their interchange. Nevertheless, a careful study of the relative motion of the clusters shows that this symmetry condition implies the usual connection between spin and statistics.

Connection of Spin and Statistics for Charge-Monopole Composites

If, as suggested by the Super-Kamiokande results, {nu}{sub {mu}} and {nu}{sub {tau}} are maximally and {open_quotes}rapidly{close_quotes} ({Delta}m{sup 2}{approx}2.2{times}10{sup {minus}3} eV{sup 2} ) mixed, this alone determines the mapping from current to mass eigenstates up to one rotation angle {theta} mixing {nu}{sub e} {open_quotes}more slowly{close_quotes} with a particular, equal-weight combination of {nu}{sub {mu}} and {nu}{sub {tau}} . For sinthinsp2{theta}=1 , the resulting minimal number of free parameters, yet maximal mixing, shows agreement, with minor modifications, between extant observations of solar neutrinos and predictions by the standard solar model. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}

Alfred S. Goldhaber

Papers

Statistical models of fragmentation processes

Photon and graviton mass limits

Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Limits on The Photon Mass

Connection of Spin and Statistics for Charge-Monopole Composites

Solar Neutrino Puzzle: An Oscillation Solution with Maximal Neutrino Mixing