https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/818298/file/818329.pdf

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines

Four types of hydrogen detectors are used by researchers, engineers, and manufacturers 
today, and if hydrogen continues to play a role in emerging alternative energy sources, 
there will be exponential growth in the use and need for more advanced and more robust 
devices in the future. The types of sensors reviewed in this chapter are (1) room-temperature hydrogen leak sensors; (2) thermometers, particularly useful at low temperature; 
(3) liquid hydrogen volume and mass gauges; and (4) para/ortho hydrogen ratiometers.

Knocking combustion in spark-ignition engines

The engine knock analysis – An overview

As hydrogen fuel cell vehicles move from manifestation to commercialization, the users expect safe, convenient and customer-friendly fuelling. Hydrogen quality affects fuel cell stack performance and lifetime, as well as other factors such as valve operation. In this paper, previous researcher's development on hydrogen as a possible major fuel of the future has been studied thoroughly. Hydrogen is one of the energy carriers which can replace fossil fuel and can be used as fuel in an internal combustion engines and as a fuel cell in vehicles. To use hydrogen as a fuel of internal combustion engine, engine design should be considered for avoiding abnormal combustion. As a result it can improve engine efficiency, power output and reduce NOx emissions. The emission of fuel cell is low as compared to conventional vehicles but as penalty, fuel cell vehicles need additional space and weight to install the battery and storage tank, thus increases it production cost. The production of hydrogen can be ‘carbon-free’ only if it is generated by employing genuinely carbon-free renewable energy sources. The acceptability of hydrogen technology depends on the knowledge and awareness of the hydrogen benefits towards environment and human life. Recent study shows that people still do not have the sufficient information of hydrogen.

An overview of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel

Performance and combustion characteristics of a direct injection SI hydrogen engine

Calibration and Validation of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Model: from Synthetic Gas Testing to Driving Cycle Applications

Biodiesel Stability and its Effects on Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment

The Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is a magnetless type of electric motor that has recently received an increasing interest for electric and hybrid vehicle applications One major advantage of SRMs is that they have the lowest material costs On the other hand, they suffer from relatively high torque ripples, which can make the motor noisy and less efficient In this paper, the design and optimization of a 12/8 toothed SRM is presented The goal of the optimization was to analyze and modify the motor geometry in order to optimize the average torque while trying to minimize the torque ripples at the same time The first step of the optimization consisted in finding the optimum number of winding turns: 7, which was lower than that of the initial design and allowed the rotor diameter to be increased by 249% This resulted in an increase in average torque of 383 % and a decrease in torque ripples of 173 % The next steps consisted in changing the shape of the winding slots by varying other geometrical dimensions and the rotor tooth width It resulted in a non-negligible additional reduction in torque ripples of 102 % and in an average torque further improved by only 24 % This shows that increasing the rotor diameter is the most effective way to increase the torque from the initial design considered, while the other parameters were already quite well dimensioned in this initial design

Ali Mohammadi

Papers

Performance and combustion characteristics of a direct injection SI hydrogen engine

Calibration and Validation of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Model: from Synthetic Gas Testing to Driving Cycle Applications

Biodiesel Stability and its Effects on Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment

Design optimization of a 12/8 Switched Reluctance Motor for electric and hybrid vehicles

Investigation of the effects of biodiesel aging on the degradation of common rail fuel injection systems