다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

A ferroelectric crystal exhibits a stable and switchable electrical polarization that is manifested in the form of cooperative atomic displacements. A ferromagnetic crystal exhibits a stable and switchable magnetization that arises through the quantum mechanical phenomenon of exchange. There are very few 'multiferroic' materials that exhibit both of these properties, but the 'magnetoelectric' coupling of magnetic and electrical properties is a more general and widespread phenomenon. Although work in this area can be traced back to pioneering research in the 1950s and 1960s, there has been a recent resurgence of interest driven by long-term technological aspirations.

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Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials

Graphene’s success has shown that it is possible to create stable, single and few-atom-thick layers of van der Waals materials, and also that these materials can exhibit fascinating and technologically useful properties. Here we review the state-of-the-art of 2D materials beyond graphene. Initially, we will outline the different chemical classes of 2D materials and discuss the various strategies to prepare single-layer, few-layer, and multilayer assembly materials in solution, on substrates, and on the wafer scale. Additionally, we present an experimental guide for identifying and characterizing single-layer-thick materials, as well as outlining emerging techniques that yield both local and global information. We describe the differences that occur in the electronic structure between the bulk and the single layer and discuss various methods of tuning their electronic properties by manipulating the surface. Finally, we highlight the properties and advantages of single-, few-, and many-layer 2D materials in...

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Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene

This review summarizes recent developments in the theory of spin glasses, as well as pertinent experimental data. The most characteristic properties of spin glass systems are described, and related phenomena in other glassy systems (dielectric and orientational glasses) are mentioned. The Edwards-Anderson model of spin glasses and its treatment within the replica method and mean-field theory are outlined, and concepts such as "frustration," "broken replica symmetry," "broken ergodicity," etc., are discussed. The dynamic approach to describing the spin glass transition is emphasized. Monte Carlo simulations of spin glasses and the insight gained by them are described. Other topics discussed include site-disorder models, phenomenological theories for the frozen phase and its excitations, phase diagrams in which spin glass order and ferromagnetism or antiferromagnetism compete, the Ne\'el model of superparamagnetism and related approaches, and possible connections between spin glasses and other topics in the theory of disordered condensed-matter systems.

Spin glasses: Experimental facts, theoretical concepts, and open questions

Recent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments in the single crystals of La1-xSrxMnO3 (0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0. 125) have revealed strongly orientation-dependent resonance lines with anomaly g values (max. geff -= 4) (in addition to the usual single EPR line) in the JT distorted othorhombic O’ phase, which can be ascribed to magnetic JT polarons.

Jahn-Teller Polarons in Lightly Doped La1-xSrxMnO3 as Studied by EPR

Mossbauer study of iron-based superconductor Fe1.09Se0.5Te0.5

Die thermische Ausdehnung spielt eine Schlüsselrolle beim Verständnis des Schmelzens kristalliner Materialien. Die mikroskopischen Vorgänge beim Übergang von Gläsern in die flüssige Phase, und umgekehrt, sind allerdings noch weitgehend unverstanden. Durch die Analyse der thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und Glasübergangstemperaturen von mehr als 200 glasbildenden Materialien hat unser Forschungsteam nun unerwartet universelle Korrelationen dieser Größen aufgedeckt – ein Hinweis auf die wichtige Rolle kooperativer Teilchenbewegungen beim Glasübergang.

Universelle thermische Ausdehnung in Gläsern

We present bulk susceptibility and 31 P NMR measurements for BaCuP 2 O 7  The data above 1 K are in good agreement with the S = 1 2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain model with an intra-chain exchange constant J / k B = 108 K  Clear anomalies are observed at 085 K in the temperature dependence of the 31 P NMR shift, spin-lattice relaxation rate, and the spectra signifying the onset of some type of long-range order The shape of the NMR spectra below 085 K suggest the occurrence of incommensurate order

Alois Loidl

Papers

Jahn-Teller Polarons in Lightly Doped La1-xSrxMnO3 as Studied by EPR

Mossbauer study of iron-based superconductor Fe1.09Se0.5Te0.5

Universelle thermische Ausdehnung in Gläsern

31P NMR study of the spin S = 1 2 quasi-1D Heisenberg antiferromagnet BaCuP2O7

Intrinsic spin resonance in iron pnictides