Showing papers by "Amine Mezghani published in 2017"

Channel Estimation and Performance Analysis of One-Bit Massive MIMO Systems

Abstract: This paper considers channel estimation and system performance for the uplink of a single-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output system. Each receiver antenna of the base station is assumed to be equipped with a pair of one-bit analog-to-digital converters to quantize the real and imaginary part of the received signal. We first propose an approach for channel estimation that is applicable for both flat and frequency-selective fading, based on the Bussgang decomposition that reformulates the nonlinear quantizer as a linear function with identical first- and second-order statistics. The resulting channel estimator outperforms previously proposed approaches across all SNRs. We then derive closed-form expressions for the achievable rate in flat fading channels assuming low SNR and a large number of users for the maximal ratio and zero forcing receivers that takes channel estimation error due to both noise and one-bit quantization into account. The closed-form expressions, in turn, allow us to obtain insight into important system design issues such as optimal resource allocation, maximal sum spectral efficiency, overall energy efficiency, and number of antennas. Numerical results are presented to verify our analytical results and demonstrate the benefit of optimizing system performance accordingly.

Downlink Achievable Rate Analysis in Massive MIMO Systems With One-Bit DACs

Abstract: In this letter, we investigate the downlink performance of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems where the base station is equipped with one-bit analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters (ADC/DACs) We assume that the base station employs the linear minimum mean-squared-error channel estimator and treats the channel estimate as the true channel to precode the data symbols We derive an expression for the downlink achievable rate for matched-filter precoding A detailed analysis of the resulting power efficiency is pursued using our expression of the achievable rate Numerical results are presented to verify our analysis In particular, it is shown that, compared with conventional massive MIMO systems, the performance loss in one-bit massive MIMO systems can be compensated for by deploying approximately 25 times more antennas at the BS

Minimum probability-of-error perturbation precoding for the one-bit massive MIMO downlink

Abstract: Linear precoders have been shown to perform reasonably well at low SNR when the basestation of a MIMO downlink employs one-bit digital-to-analog converters to quantize the precoder outputs. However, at medium-to-high SNRs, an error floor is encountered due to the coarse quantization. This paper examines methods for slightly perturbing the transmitted signal prior to quantization in an effort to improve downlink performance at higher SNRs. The perturbation is performed with the goal of minimizing the worst-case probability of error among the user terminals, and assumes that the symbols to be transmitted are drawn from a finite alphabet constellation. Two different types of perturbations are studied, and it is found via simulation that the methods can provide dramatic gains in downlink performance.

Minimum BER Precoding in 1-Bit Massive MIMO Systems

Abstract: 1-bit digital-to-analog (DACs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are gaining more interest in massive MIMO systems for economical and computational efficiency. We present a new precoding technique to mitigate the inter-user-interference (IUI) and the channel distortions in a 1-bit downlink MUMISO system with QPSK symbols. The transmit signal vector is optimized taking into account the 1-bit quantization. We develop a sort of mapping based on a look-up table (LUT) between the input signal and the transmit signal. The LUT is updated for each channel realization. Simulation results show a significant gain in terms of the uncoded bit-error-ratio (BER) compared to the existing linear precoding techniques.

Massive MIMO downlink 1-bit precoding with linear programming for PSK signaling

Abstract: Quantized massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems are gaining more interest due to their power efficiency. We present a new precoding technique to mitigate the multi-user interference and the quantization distortions in a downlink multi-user (MU) multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system with 1-bit quantization at the transmitter. This work is restricted to PSK modulation schemes. The transmit signal vector is optimized for every desired received vector taking into account the 1-bit quantization. The optimization is based on maximizing the safety margin to the decision thresholds of the PSK modulation. Simulation results show a significant gain in terms of the uncoded bit-error-ratio (BER) compared to the existing linear precoding techniques.

Nonlinear Precoding for Multipair Relay Networks With One-Bit ADCs and DACs

Abstract: We consider a multipair half-duplex relay communication network, where the relay is deployed with one-analog-to-digital converters and one-bit digital-to-analog converters. To suppress the interpair interference and quantization artifacts, we propose nonlinear precoding schemes to forward the quantized signals at the relay. We first present a technique based on gradient projection, and then show how to refine the solution using ordered quantization and perturbation methods. For the single-user case with BPSK symbols, we obtain a closed-form solution for the optimal transmit vector. Numerical results verify that the proposed precoding design significantly outperforms quantized linear precoding strategies.

Massive MIMO downlink 1-bit precoding for frequency selective channels

Abstract: Quantized massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems are gaining more interest due to their power efficiency. We present a new precoding technique in a quantized downlink multi-user (MU) multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system with frequency selective channels. This work is restricted to 1-bit quantization at the transmitter and receiving PSK modulation schemes. The transmit signal vector is optimized for every desired received vector taking into account the 1-bit quantization. The optimization is based on maximizing the safety margin to the decision thresholds of the PSK modulation. This optimization is applied for the following three cases: symbol-wise processing as well as block-wise processing without and with cyclic prefix. Simulation results show a significant gain in terms of the uncoded bit-error-ratio (BER) compared to existing linear precoding techniques.

Precoding under instantaneous per-antenna peak power constraint

Abstract: We consider a multi-user (MU) multiple-input-single-output (MISO) downlink system with M single-antenna users and N transmit antennas with a nonlinear power amplifier (PA) at each antenna. Instead of emitting constant envelope (CE) signals from the antennas to have highly power efficient PAs, we relax the CE constraint and allow the transmit signals to have instantaneous power less than or equal to the available power at each PA. The PA power efficiency decreases but simulation results show that the same performance in terms of bit-error-ratio (BER) can be achieved with less transmitted power and less PA power consumption. We propose a linear and a nonlinear precoder design to mitigate the multi-user interference (MUI) under the constraint of a maximal instantaneous per-antenna peak power.

mmWave Massive MIMO with Simple RF and Appropriate DSP

Abstract: There is considerable interest in the combined use of millimeter-wave (mmwave) frequencies and arrays of massive numbers of antennas (massive MIMO) for next-generation wireless communications systems. A symbiotic relationship exists between these two factors: mmwave frequencies allow for densely packed antenna arrays, and hence massive MIMO can be achieved with a small form factor; low per-antenna SNR and shadowing can be overcome with a large array gain; steering narrow beams or nulls with a large array is a good match for the line-of-sight (LOS) or near-LOS mmwave propagation environments, etc.. However, the cost and power consumption for standard implementations of massive MIMO arrays at mmwave frequencies is a significant drawback to rapid adoption and deployment. In this paper, we examine a number of possible approaches to reduce cost and power at both the basestation and user terminal, making up for it with signal processing and additional (cheap) antennas. These approaches include lowresolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), wireless local oscillator distribution networks, spatial multiplexing and multistreaming instead of higher-order modulation etc.. We will examine the potential of these approaches in making mmwave massive MIMO a reality and discuss the requirements in terms of digital signal processing (DSP).

mmWave massive MIMO with simple RF and appropriate DSP

Abstract: There is considerable interest in the combined use of millimeter-wave (mmwave) frequencies and arrays of massive numbers of antennas (massive MIMO) for next-generation wireless communications systems. A symbiotic relationship exists between these two factors: mmwave frequencies allow for densely packed antenna arrays, and hence massive MIMO can be achieved with a small form factor; low per-antenna SNR and shadowing can be overcome with a large array gain; steering narrow beams or nulls with a large array is a good match for the line-of-sight (LOS) or near-LOS mmwave propagation environments, etc. However, the cost and power consumption for standard implementations of massive MIMO arrays at mmwave frequencies is a significant drawback to rapid adoption and deployment. In this paper, we examine a number of possible approaches to reduce cost and power at both the basestation and user terminal, making up for it with signal processing and additional (cheap) antennas. These approaches include low-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), wireless local oscillator distribution networks, spatial multiplexing and multi-streaming instead of higher-order modulation etc. We will examine the potential of these approaches in making mmwave massive MIMO a reality and discuss the requirements in terms of digital signal processing (DSP).

Massive MIMO Downlink 1-Bit Precoding with Linear Programming for PSK Signaling

Abstract: Quantized massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems are gaining more interest due to their power efficiency. We present a new precoding technique to mitigate the multi-user interference and the quantization distortions in a downlink multi-user (MU) multiple-input-single-output (MISO) system with 1-bit quantization at the transmitter. This work is restricted to PSK modulation schemes. The transmit signal vector is optimized for every desired received vector taking into account the 1-bit quantization. The optimization is based on maximizing the safety margin to the decision thresholds of the PSK modulation. Simulation results show a significant gain in terms of the uncoded bit-error-ratio (BER) compared to the existing linear precoding techniques.

Low SNR Asymptotic Rates of Vector Channels with One-Bit Outputs

Abstract: We analyze the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) links with one-bit output quantization in terms of achievable rates and characterize their performance loss compared to unquantized systems for general channel statistical models and general channel state information (CSI) at the receiver. One-bit ADCs are particularly suitable for large-scale millimeter wave MIMO Communications (massive MIMO) to reduce the hardware complexity. In such applications, the signal-to-noise ratio per antenna is rather low due to the propagation loss. Thus, it is crucial to analyze the performance of MIMO systems in this regime by means of information theoretical methods. Since an exact and general information-theoretic analysis is not possible, we resort to the derivation of a general asymptotic expression for the mutual information in terms of a second order expansion around zero SNR. We show that up to second order in the SNR, the mutual information of a system with two-level (sign) output signals incorporates only a power penalty factor of pi/2 (1.96 dB) compared to system with infinite resolution for all channels of practical interest with perfect or statistical CSI. An essential aspect of the derivation is that we do not rely on the common pseudo-quantization noise model.

Are Traditional Signal Processing Techniques Rate Maximizing in Quantized SU-MISO Systems?

Abstract: In this contribution, we provide an information theoretical analysis of coarsely-quantized downlink Single-User (SU)- Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) communication systems. We address the question of whether traditional signal processing techniques, i.e., proper signaling and channel rank transmit covariance matrices, are still optimal with respect to maximizing the data rate. We investigate the mutual information lower bound based on the Bussgang theorem, in the SU-MISO downlink scenario, where we assume 1-bit quantized Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) in the transmit antennas at the Base Station (BS). We prove that at low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), existing signal processing techniques maximize the data rate. However, at higher SNR we show, using counter examples, that the data rates can be improved using different signal processing techniques. These results show the potential merit of reconsidering signal processing techniques in coarsely- quantized SU-MISO downlink scenarios.

Channel Estimation and Rate Analysis for Multipair Massive MIMO Relaying with One-Bit Quantization

Abstract: We study the impact of using one-bit analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters in a multipair amplify-and-forward MIMO relaying system. The relay estimates the channel state information using training data, and then uses the channel estimate to perform maximum ratio combining and maximum ratio transmission. An exact achievable rate is derived for the system under general assumptions on the quantization noise, and then a closed-form asymptotic approximation is derived, which enables efficient evaluation of the impact of key parameters on system performance. Contrary to the conventional unquantized systems, the performance is seen to depend on the specific pilot sequences that are employed. In addition, the sum rate gap between the double quantized relay system and an ideal unquantized system is shown to be a factor of $4/\pi^2$ in the low source power regime.

Approaching $B \log ~(1+{\mathrm{ SNR}})$ With Direct Detection and Low-Order Asymmetric Bandpass Filtering

Abstract: We analyze the performance of direct detection receivers with low-order bandpass filtering in terms of achievable rates. Such analysis is of interest in the context of millimeter-wave wireless systems as well as wired and wireless optical links, where low power and low cost are considered to be key requirements. By using a bandpass filter with asymmetric passband transfer function of low order ( $1/f$ roll-off rate) prior to the intensity detection device (a diode or photodiode), we show that the ideal Shannon data rate attainable with coherent receivers can still be asymptotically approached with simple filtering and direct detection. We also discuss practical aspects that partially limit this remarkable behavior, and show that gains are still possible compared with conventional direct detection.

Power- and Spectral Efficient Communication System Design Using 1-Bit Quantization

Abstract: Improving the power efficiency and spectral efficiency of communication systems has been one of the major research goals over the recent years. However, there is a tradeoff in achieving both goals at the same time. In this work, we consider the joint optimization of the power amplifier and a pulse shaping filter over a single-input single-output (SISO) additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel using 1-bit analog-todigital (ADC) and digital-to-analog (DAC) converters. The goal of the optimization is the selection of the optimal system parameters in order to maximize the desired figure-of-merit (FOM) which is the product of power efficiency and spectral efficiency. Simulation results give an insight in choosing the optimal parameters of the pulse shaping filter and power amplifier to maximize the desired FOM.