The occurrence of unicystic ameloblastoma has been studied in 20 patients presenting with unilocular cystic lesions whose clinical, radiographic and gross features were those on non-neoplastic cysts. In the majority of these, the lesion mimicked dentigerous cyst. The rate of recurrence for this group of lesions as determined by long term follow-up observation available for the majority of patients was distinctly lower than that associated with multicystic character of the lesion throughout its course, is indicative of a much less aggressive variety of neoplasm. The adequacy of simple enucleation as a modality of treatment in the majority of patients with this type of lesion is suggested. It was not possible to answer the question whether or not the ameloblastoma began in antecedent non-neoplastic cyst.

Unicystic ameloblastoma, a prognostically distinct entity

The green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles was synthesized by Allium sativum extract. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern explained the high crystalline nature and the calculated crystallite size in 25−35 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum described the CuO bonding nature. The UV visible analysis reported the surface Plasmon resonance band at 398 nm. The Photoluminescence spectrum denoted the red band emission in the visible region. The particle size analyzer displayed the CuO nanoparticles in a 20−40 nm range of size. The SEM images manifested the spherical, oval-shaped morphology of CuO nanoparticles. The EDAX spectrum and mapping proved the purity of CuO with Cu and O occurrence. The HRTEM images confirmed the crystalline nature formation of CuO nanoparticles. The phytochemical analysis listed the phytochemicals contributed for CuO nanoparticle synthesis via Allium sativum extract. The antimicrobial activity reported the efficient infection on bacteria as well as fungi. The antioxidant activity demonstrated the potential ability of free radical scavenging activity. The potential anti-inflammatory activity against egg albumin has obtained. The anti larvicidal activity showed the notable potential nature of affection on Anopheles subpictus mosquito larvae. At 21st century, CuO nanoparticles from environment friendly synthesis have special efficient applications in drugs, optics, batteries, gas sensors, catalysts, cosmetics, and semiconductor applications. Moreover, CuO nanoparticles have future applications in formulating the drug for human life-threatening diseases and various dangerous cancer treatments.

Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles via Allium sativum extract and its characterizations on antimicrobial, antioxidant, antilarvicidal activities

Background: Allicin, a major component of garlic, is regarded as a cardioprotective agent and is associated with increased endothelial function. Methods: The effects of allicin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the mechanisms underlying these effects were studied. The protective effects were measured using cell viability, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and cell apoptosis as indicators, and the anti-oxidative activity was determined by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative products and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities. HUVEC mitochondrial function was assessed by determining mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, cytochrome c production and mitochondrial ATP release. To investigate the potential underlying mechanisms, we also measured the expression of dynamic mitochondrial proteins using western blotting. Furthermore, we evaluated the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Our results demonstrated that allicin enhanced HUVEC proliferation, which was suppressed by LPS exposure, and LDH release. Allicin ameliorated LPS-induced apoptosis, suppressed ROS overproduction, reduced lipid peroxidation and decreased the endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities in HUVECs. These protective effects were associated with the inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction as indicated by decreases in the MMP collapse, cytochrome c synthesis and mitochondrial ATP release. In addition, allicin attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory responses, including endothelial cell adhesion and TNF-α and IL-8 production. Furthermore, allicin increased the expression of LXRα in a dose-dependent manner. Allicin-induced attenuation of inflammation was inhibited by LXRα siRNA treatment. Finally, allicin activated NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which controls the defense against oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusions: Taken together, the present data suggest that allicin attenuated the LPS-induced vascular injury process, which may be closely related to the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in HUVECs. Allicin modulated Nrf2 activation and protected the cells against LPS-induced vascular injury. Our findings suggest that allicin attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory response in blood vessels.

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Allicin Decreases Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells through Suppression of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Activation of Nrf2.

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) protects against apoptosis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury in diabetic state, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Previously, we and others demonstrated that silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) activation inhibited oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during MI/R injury. We hypothesize that DATS reduces diabetic MI/R injury by activating SIRT1 signaling. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats were subjected to MI/R surgery with or without perioperative administration of DATS (40 mg/kg). We found that DATS treatment markedly improved left ventricular systolic pressure and the first derivative of left ventricular pressure, reduced myocardial infarct size as well as serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Furthermore, the myocardial apoptosis was also suppressed by DATS as evidenced by reduced apoptotic index and cleaved caspase-3 expression. However, these effects were abolished by EX527 (the inhibitor of SIRT1 signaling, 5 mg/kg). We further found that DATS effectively upregulated SIRT1 expression and its nuclear distribution. Additionally, PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP-mediated ER stress-induced apoptosis was suppressed by DATS treatment. Moreover, DATS significantly activated Nrf-2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling pathway, thus reducing Nox-2/4 expressions. However, the ameliorative effects of DATS on oxidative stress and ER stress-mediated myocardial apoptosis were inhibited by EX527 administration. Taken together, these data suggest that perioperative DATS treatment effectively ameliorates MI/R injury in type 1 diabetic setting by enhancing cardiac SIRT1 signaling. SIRT1 activation not only upregulated Nrf-2/HO-1-mediated antioxidant signaling pathway but also suppressed PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP-mediated ER stress level, thus reducing myocardial apoptosis and eventually preserving cardiac function.

Diallyl trisulfide ameliorates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in type 1 diabetic rats: role of SIRT1 activation

Anticancer potential of garlic and its bioactive constituents: A systematic and comprehensive review.

Garlic is one of the components, which have effects on reducing the risk of cancer. Including garlic in the diet helps for the betterment of the health. Medicinal effects of the garlic were known since 5,000 years. Recently, studies were carried out to known its effect on the cancer cell lines. Many studies have shown its effects not only on carcinomas, but also on the cardiovascular system and immune system. Functions of the each component of the garlic were studied to know exactly, which component has got beneficial effect. So this review has been carried out to know about the component, functions of each component, mode of action, and beneficial effects of the garlic.

Garlic: Review of literature.

Pemphigus vulgaris is group of potentially life threatening Chronic Autoimmune disease characterized by cutaneous and mucosal intraepithelial blistering. The etiology of pemphigus vulgaris is still unknown, although the disease has attracted considerable interest. The pemphigus group of diseases is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against intercellular substances and is thus classified as autoimmune diseases. Most patients are initially misdiagnosed and improperly treated for many months or even years. Chances of achieving complete remission of Pemphigus are higher if disease at presentation is mild and if there is rapid and early response to treatment. Early recognition of this lesion may prevent delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment of a potentially chronic dermatological condition. Here, we report a case of pemphigus vulgaris that was misdiagnosed in its earliest stage.

Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris - A Case Report

Most typical dentigerous cysts are commonly seen in association with third molars and maxillary canines. Only 5–6% of dentigerous cysts are associated with supernumerary teeth. We report a rare case of dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted anterior maxillary supernumerary tooth. The patient was treated surgically by enucleation of the cyst.

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Dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted anterior maxillary supernumerary tooth.

Human actinomycosis is a rare soft tissue infection caused by Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria Actinomyces israelii, a commensal of the oral cavity. The major clinical forms of actinomycosis are cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic forms. The cervicofacial region is most commonly affected. Actinomycosis is sometimes difficult to diagnose and it should be borne in mind in the differential diagnosis of numerous infectious and non-infectious diseases. We report a patient who came with tooth pain and extra-oral swelling which later on presented as multiple draining sinuses. Our initial suspicion was dento-alveolar abscess or osteomyelitis. However, a culture of the discharge and subsequent biopsy revealed actinomycetes, confirming cervicofacial actinomycosis, but presenting itself not as the typical ‘lumpy jaw’. The patient was successfully treated conservatively with a short but intensive antibiotic course.

/pdf/an-atypical-form-of-cervicofacial-actinomycosis-treated-with-533fmaoebr.pdf

An atypical form of cervicofacial actinomycosis treated with short but intensive antibiotic regimen.

A young boy presented to the department of oral medicine and radiology, with a chief complaint of pain and mobility of the lower posterior teeth and difficulty in mastication. Clinical history as revealed by his mother was that he had normal development and eruption of deciduous teeth, but started losing teeth by the age of 3 years. She also noticed that his gingiva would become red, and swollen, and bleed easily, and emit foul smell. After exfoliation, the inflammation subsided and gingiva appeared healthy. But then with the …

https://casereports.bmj.com/content/casereports/2013/bcr-2013-008989.full.pdf

Amol Karagir

Papers

Garlic: Review of literature.

Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris - A Case Report

Dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted anterior maxillary supernumerary tooth.

An atypical form of cervicofacial actinomycosis treated with short but intensive antibiotic regimen.

Papillon Lefevre syndrome