Laboratory Protocols CIMMYT Applied Molecular Genetics Laboratory

Laboratory protocols: CIMMYT applied molecular genetics laboratory

剥开还带着田园中翠绿颜色的外衣，暴露出胎衣下那黄灿灿而饱满的果实——sweet com,甜美的玉米已经凭借其糯香的味道，从“舶来品”一跃成为了备受男人喜爱的主食之一，而它带给人们的惊喜还远远不止这些。

“三高人群”的Sweet Corn

Using only one type of marker to quantify genetic diversity generates results that have been questioned in terms of reliability, when compared to the combined use of different markers. To compare the efficiency of the use of single versus multiple markers, we quantified genetic diversity among 10 S(7) inbred popcorn lines using both RAPD and SSR markers, and we evaluated how well these two types of markers discriminated the popcorn genotypes. These popcorn genotypes: "Yellow Pearl Popcorn" (P1-1 and P1-5), "Zelia" (P1-2 and P1-4), "Curagua" (P1-3), "IAC 112" (P9-1 and P9-2), "Avati Pichinga" (P9-3 and P9-5), and "Pisankalla" (P9-4) have different soil and climate adaptations. Using RAPD marker analysis, each primer yielded bands of variable intensities that were easily detected, as well as non-specific bands, which were discarded from the analysis. The nine primers used yielded 126 bands, of which 104 were classified as polymorphic, giving an average of 11.6 polymorphisms per primer. Using SSR procedures, the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five, giving a total of 47 alleles for the 14 SSR loci. When comparing the groups formed using SSR and RAPD markers, there were similarities in the combinations of genotypes from the same genealogy. Correlation between genetic distances obtained through RAPD and SSR markers was relatively high (0.5453), indicating that both techniques are efficient for evaluating genetic diversity in the genotypes of popcorn that we evaluated, though RAPDs yielded more polymorphisms.

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Efficiency of RAPD versus SSR markers for determining genetic diversity among popcorn lines.

Aiming to select superior progenies for concentration of favorable alleles in a popcorn population on the fifth cycle of intrapopulation full-sib recurrent selection, two hundred progenies were evaluated for six agronomic traits, including grain yield and popping expansion, in randomized complete block design with two replications within sets, in two distinct environments: Colegio Estadual Agricola Antonio Sarlo, in Campos dos Goytacazes, and Experimental Station of PESAGRO-RIO, located in Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State, in 2007/2008. There were significant differences among families within sets in all traits, indicating the presence of genetic variability to be exploited in the future cycles. The utilized selection indexes were the Mulamba and Mock; and Smith and Hazel. The Mulamba and Mock index propitiated more elevated magnitudes of the predicted gains for most of the traits, including popping expansion and grain yield, with values of 6.01 and 8.53%, respectively, utilizing arbitrary weight attributed by tentative.

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Análise biométrica de ganhos por seleção em população de milho pipoca de quinto ciclo de seleção recorrente

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Utilização de óleo essencial de duas variedades de laranja na eclosão de Meloidogyne javanica

It is essential that the genetic variability of preserved accessions germplasm banks be evaluated and quantified, which allows, for example, the detection of duplicates, generating more reliable data, especially for groups of plants that have a wide genetic variability, as in the case of the Capsicum genus. . We examined the DNA from the leaves of nine accessions of Capsicum spp. from the Federal University of Maranhão Germplasm Bank. Amplification was performed using 78 microsatellite primers previously described as potential molecular markers for Capsicum accessions. Thirty-three microsatellite primers produced amplification products, seven of which were polymorphic and used to investigate genetic variability among nine accessions. The proportion of polymorphic loci in pepper accessions was estimated at 21%. A mean of 2.28 alleles was detected per polymorphic locus and the number of alleles ranged from 1 to 3. The highest effective number of alleles was 1.62, and the highest values of mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and Shannon's diversity index (I) were 0.533 and 0.421, respectively. Private alleles were detected in two accessions: UFMA17 and UFMA35. The

Research Article Genetic diversity among pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions estimated by microsatellite markers

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and is highly prevalent in old age. Unlike current drugs, medicinal plants can have preventive and protective effects with less side effects. Given the great number of bioactive substances, plants from the Zingiberaceae Family have medicinal potential and currently are widely studied regarding its anti-Alzheimer's disease effects. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of advances in phytochemical composition studies, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies, and toxicological effects of the Zingiberaceae Family on Alzheimer's disease. Information was obtained from relevant papers in electronic databases. Most of the studies of Zingiberaceae effects on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis theory are related to cholinergic, β amyloid cascade, tau, inflammation, and oxidative stress hypothesis. Also, in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies on the effect of Alpinia, Curcuma, and Zingiber genera have been reported as harmless and safe, with potential for anti-Alzheimer treatment.

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Potencial terapéutico de Zingiberaceae en la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de produção de pepino para conserva, foi conduzido um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três cultivares e dois manejos, adotando-se quatro repetições. As parcelas foram distribuídas em quatro linhas de plantio, via semeadura direta, com espaçamento de 1,50 m × 0,45 m entre plantas. Adotou-se dois manejos: manejo 1) sem desbrota e sem poda apical; manejo 2) com desbrota e com poda apical. Após 70 dias de plantio, avaliou-se massa fresca total de frutos por planta, número médio de frutos por planta e produtividade. Entre as cultivares, destacaram-se Marinda e Amour F1 para o manejo 1, com rendimentos de massa fresca total de 1762,75 g e 1026,71 g respectivamente, e 135,69 e 79,62 número médio de frutos por planta. No manejo 2, as cultivares Marinda e Eureka obtiveram melhor rendimento, sendo a massa fresca total 1966,94 g e 1605,31 g respectivamente, e 146,17 e 90,09 número médio de frutos por planta. A cultivar Marinda tanto para o manejo 1 quanto para o manejo 2 foi a que obteve a melhor produtividade. Entre as cultivares testadas, sugere-se o cultivo das cultivares Marinda e Eureka associada à poda e capação apical.

Potencial produtivo de frutos de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) para conserva sob diferentes sistemas de condução

As Regras de Analise de Sementes (RAS) recomendam uma escarificacao com acido sulfurico e umedecimento do substrato com nitrato de potassio a 0,2% para a superacao de dormencia de Brachiaria e sua germinacao. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o emprego de metodologia alternativa aos tratamentos recomendados pela RAS por resfriamento das sementes a 4°C e imersao em agua destilada a temperatura ambiente e ao nitrato de sodio 0,2%, por duas horas, para a superacao de dormencia e germinacao de B. decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk e B. brizantha (Hochst. Ex. A. Rich.) Stapf cv. Marandu e cv. Piata. Para tanto, foi estruturado Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado 3×2×2, em caixas gerbox, para comparar os percentuais de germinacao de sementes mantidas em temperatura ambiente e embebidas em H2O e em H2O + NaNO3 com sementes refrigeradas e embebidas em H2O e em H2O + NaNO3. Tambem foi estruturado DIC em rolo, para, alem do PG (%), avaliar comprimento da parte aerea (cm) e de raiz (cm) e massa fresca total (g). Foram, ainda, realizados testes de tetrazolio e indice de velocidade de germinacao. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey (p≤0,05). A porcentagem de germinacao avaliada aos 14 dias foi afetada pelas cultivares e temperatura, sendo que as sementes refrigeradas a 4oC superaram as mantidas em temperatura ambiente (aumento de 220%). Nao houve diferenca significativa para o fator de embebicao em H2O ou H2O + NaNO3.

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Ana Daniela Lopes

Papers

Utilização de óleo essencial de duas variedades de laranja na eclosão de Meloidogyne javanica

Research Article Genetic diversity among pepper (Capsicum spp.) accessions estimated by microsatellite markers

Potencial terapéutico de Zingiberaceae en la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Potencial produtivo de frutos de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) para conserva sob diferentes sistemas de condução

Influência da temperatura na superação de dormência e germinação de Brachiaria