Showing papers by "Anders Björklund published in 1973"
TL;DR: The topography of the median eminence-pituitary catecholamine innervation has been studied with respect to the origin, course and termination of its different components.
505 citations
TL;DR: The prominent hypothalamic and thalamic dopamine and noradrenaline cell groups described in the present paper have hitherto been largely neglected and a more detailed neuro-anatomical knowledge of these neuronal systems should provide a basis for studies on their roles in diencephalic functions.
290 citations
Journal Article•
211 citations
TL;DR: Glyoxylic acid treatment seems both to be more sensitive for the well-known biogenic catecholamines and indolamines, and to allow the detection of other biogenic amines—such as melatonin—which are not demonstrable with available techniques.
Abstract: A new methodological approach to the fluorescence microscopical visualization of biogenic monoamines, based on condensation with gaseous glyoxylic acid, is presented. Glyoxylic acid treatment seems both to be more sensitive for the well-known biogenic catecholamines and indolamines, and to allow the detection of other biogenic amines—such as melatonin—which are not demonstrable with available techniques.
160 citations
TL;DR: The lesions produced by intraventricularly or intracerebrally administered dihydroxytryptamines were found to be much superior to mechanical or electrolytic lesions in producing extensive accumulations of fluorescence in the indolamine axon pathways.
Abstract: The usefulness of three neurotoxic dihydroxytryptamines — 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and 4,5-dihydroxytryptamine — for fluorescence microscopical tracing and localized lesioning of central indolamine-containing axon bundles has been studied in the rat brain. The lesions produced by intraventricularly or intracerebrally administered dihydroxytryptamines were found to be much superior to mechanical or electrolytic lesions in producing extensive accumulations of fluorescence in the indolamine axon pathways. This greatly improves the possibilities for tracing of the normally non-fluorescent or weakly fluorescent indolamine axons from their cells of origin for long distances through the main fibre bundles and their branches. Much new information concerning the anatomy of the indolamine neuron systems is obtained with this technique, and some preliminary observations are presented.
136 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that NGF, given as a single injection at the time of transplantation and axonal lesioning, did not alter the time sequence of events in the growth process but rather that it accelerated or potentiated the outgrowth of the new axonal sprouts during the time when it normally occurred.
84 citations
TL;DR: The occurrence of intrinsic serotonin-, noradrenaline- and dopamine-containing neurons in the gut of Lampetra fluviatilis deviates from the established pattern of innervation of the vertebrate intestine and is considered to be a remnant of an autonomic innervation principle common in invertebrates.
Abstract: Monoamine-containing neurons in the gut of Lampetra fluviatilis are characterized by histochemical, electron microscopical and biochemical methods. Strongly yellow fluorescent, probably serotonin-containing intrinsic neurons are found along the entire length of the intestine. Their processes aggregate to form large bundles of mainly non-terminal axons, constituting a subepithelial fibre plexus. This subepithelial, ganglion cell comprising plexus is connected to a wide-meshed subserosal plexus which has ganglion cells of different size and few varicose, single axons. Intermingled with both plexus there occur — in the anterior and middle but not in the preanal portion of the lamprey intestine — scattered green fluorescent intrinsic perikarya, emanating faintly green fluorescent, poorly varicosed axons. The formaldehyde-induced neuronal fluorophores conform to serotonin (yellow fluorescent compound), noradrenaline, and dopamine (green fluorescent substance), as revealed in microspectrofluorimetric recordings. The electron microscopical analysis of the yellow fluorescent intrinsic neurons in the terminal hindgut shows nerve cell pericarya and axons equipped with a typical population of occasional small granular and many large granular vesicles (750–1600 A). The number and opacity of cores of the small and the osmiophilia of the cores of the large granular vesicles are significantly increased following short-term treatment with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Long-term treatment with 5,6- or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine provokes severe signs of ultrastructure impairment and eventual degeneration in the supposed serotonin-containing axons, besides indications of piling-up of organelles in the non-terminal axons due to arrest of axonal transport. Chromatography of acid extracts from the lamprey intestine, gills and kidney reveals the presence of serotonin (besides another unidentified indoleamine) and dopamine and noradrenaline in the gut, but only dopamine in the brain. The detection of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine in the lamprey gut is confirmed by chemical determinations. The occurrence of intrinsic serotonin-, noradrenaline- and dopamine-containing neurons in the gut of Lampetra fluviatilis deviates from the established pattern of innervation of the vertebrate intestine and is considered to be a remnant of an autonomic innervation principle common in invertebrates.
72 citations
TL;DR: Experiments with radioactive tryptamine indicated that the two alternative fluorophore-forming pathways are of fairly equal importance, and the interesting properties and implications of this formaldehyde-induced and acid-catalyzed reaction are discussed.
Abstract: The mechanisms of reactions underlying the fluorophore formation from indolylethylamines in the Falck-Hillarp histochemical formaldehyde method were investigated with the aid of thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry of the fluorescent products formed in protein models and freeze-dried tissue. In the reaction of formaldehyde with tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, the main fluorophores formed were 3,4-dihydro-β-carboline and the 2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolinium compound (from tryptamine), and 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-β-carboline and the 2-methyl-6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolinium compound (from 5-hydroxytryptamine). From these findings, it is concluded that the fluorophore formation in the Falck-Hillarp method proceeds as follows: In the first step of the reaction, the indolylethylamines react with formaldehyde to form low fluorescent 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines. In a subsequent step, these products are converted to fluorophores in either of two ways: through an autoxidation to 3,4-dihydro-β...
48 citations
40 citations
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: The basis for the detection of biogenic β-phenylethylamines and β-(3-indolyl) ethylamines in the Falck-Hillarp method is their transformation into intensely fluorescent isoquinoline and β-carboline molecules as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The basis for the detection of biogenic β-phenylethylamines and β-(3-indolyl) ethylamines in the Falck-Hillarp method is their transformation into intensely fluorescent isoquinoline and β-carboline molecules. This is achieved through combined cyclization-dehydrogenation reactions with gaseous formaldehyde under nearly dry reaction conditions. The chemical mechanisms underlying this fluorophore formation have been extensively studied and are now well understood (Corrodi and Hillarp 1963, 1964; Corrodi and Jonsson 1965 a, b; Jonsson 1966, 1967a, b; Bjorklund and Stenevi 1970; Bjorklund et al. 1973).
24 citations
TL;DR: The glyoxylic acid treatment produced intense fluorescence in certain endocrine cell systems in pituitary, thyroid and gastric mucosa, previously suggested to store peptides with NH2-terminal tryptophan, and the present findings support this hypothesis.
Abstract: Condensation with glyoxylic acid vapor, recently introduced as a highly sensitive method for fluorescence histochemical visualization of biogenic monamines, has been found to allow also the demonst...
TL;DR: By means of thin layer chromatography and mass spectrometry of dansylated tissue extracts tyramine has been identified in different regions of the rat CNS and the isomer present is the para -tyramine; no ortho - or meta -tyramsine could be found.
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this article, the glyoxylic acid treatment produced intense fluorescence in certain endocrine cell systems in pituitary, thyroid and gastric mucosa, previously suggested to store peptides with NH2-terminal tryptophan.
Abstract: Condensation with glyoxylic acid vapor, recently introduced as a highly sensitive method for fluorescence histochemical visualization of biogenic monamines, has been found to allow also the demonstration of certain tryptophan- or dopa-containing peptides. Thus, in model experiments, treatment with glyoxylic acid vapor induced fluorescence from diand tetrapeptides with tryptophan or dopa in NH2-terminal or COOH-terminal position. Peptides without tryptophan or dopa in terminal positions gave no observable fluorescence. Differences were recorded between peptides with NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal tryptophan with respect to their fluorescence yields under different reaction conditions and the spectral characteristics of the fluorophores (excitation/emission maxima: 375-380/500-520 nm and 340-370/435 nm, respectively). In addition, the tryptophan-containing peptides could be distinguished microspectrofluorometrically from the dopacontaining peptides. Thus, the fluorophore of the NH2-terminal dopa peptide had excitation/emission maxima at 330 and 380/495 am, and the corresponding values for the fluorophore of the CO0H-terminal dopa peptide were 330 and 370/460 nm. The glyoxylic acid treatment produced intense fluorescence in certain endocrine cell systems in pituitary, thyroid and gastric mucosa, previously suggested to store peptides with NH2-terminal tryptophan. The present findings support this hypothesis. Sensitive and selective methods for the his