Acid mine drainage: Prevention, treatment options, and resource recovery: A review

This study investigates gypsum scaling and cleaning behavior in forward osmosis (FO). The results show that gypsum scaling in FO is almost fully reversible, with more than 96% recovery of permeate water flux following a water rinse without addition of chemical cleaning reagents. Parallel comparisons of fouling and cleaning were made between FO (without hydraulic pressure) and RO (under high hydraulic pressure) modes. The shape of the water flux decline curves during gypsum scaling is similar in the two modes, but the flux recovery in FO mode is higher than that in RO mode by about 10%. This behavior suggests that operating in FO mode may reduce the need for chemical cleaning. The role of membrane materials in controlling gypsum scaling and cleaning was investigated using cellulose acetate (CA) and polyamide (PA) membranes. Gypsum scaling of PA membranes causes more severe flux decline and is harder to clean than that of CA membranes. AFM force measurements were performed between a gypsum particle probe an...

Gypsum scaling and cleaning in forward osmosis: measurements and mechanisms.

PART I: MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS IN CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES AND IN CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Membranes in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries and in Conservation of Natural Resources: An Introduction A.M. Sastre, Syed S.H. Rizvi and A.K Pabby Application of Membrane Contactors in Mass Transfer Devices A. Gupta and A. Pittman, Membrane Chromatography M.E. Avramescu, Z. Borneman, and M. Wessling Membranes in Gas Separation M.B. Hagg Pervaporation: Theory, Practice and Applications in the Chemical and Allied Industries V. Pangarkar and S. Pal Current Status and Prospects for Ceramic Membrane Applications C. Guizard and P. Amblard Membrane Technology and Supercritical Fluids: Recent Advances G. Rios, S. Sarrade, and D. Paolucci Techniques to Enhance the Performance of Membrane Processes A.G. Fane and S. Chang Separation and Removal of Hydrocarbons Using Polymer Membranes S.I. Semenova Zeolite Membranes: Synthesis, Characterization, Important Applications and Recent Advances R. Mallada, M. Arruebo, P. Pina Membrane Fouling: Recent Strategies and Methodologies for Its Minimization M.F.A. Goosen, R. Roque, and S. S. Sablani Membrane Extraction in Preconcentration, Sampling and Trace Analysis J.A. Jonsson Hybrid Liquid Membrane Processes with Organic Water-Immiscible Carriers (OHLM): Application in Chemical and Biochemical Separations V. Kislik Advancements in Membranes Processes for Pharmaceutical Applications R. Kuriyel, M. Fushijima, and G. Jung Membranes in Drug Delivery M. Grassi Bio-Responsive Hydrogel Membranes J. Hubble and R. Zhang PART II: MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, FOOD PROCESSING, LIFE SCIENCES AND ENERGY CONVERSION Membrane Applications in Biotechnology, Food Processing Life Sciences and Energy Conversion: Introduction S.S.H. Rizvi Ultrafiltration Based Protein Bioseparation R. Ghosh Membrane Distillation in Food Industry S. Nene, G. Patil, and K.S.M.S. Raghavrao Applications of Membrane Separation in the Brewing Industry C.I. Moraru and U. Schrader Development of Bipolar Membrane Technology in Food and Bio-Industries G. Pourcelly and L. Bazinet Applications of Membrane Technology in the Dairy Industry P.A. Marcelo and S.S.H. Rizvi Microporous Membrane Blood Oxygenators B. Han and S.R. Wickramasinghe Transporting and Separating Molecules Using Tailored Nanotube Membranes C.R. Martin and P. Kohli The Use of Emulsion Liquid Membrane Systems in Chemical and Biotechnological Separations J. Perera and G.W. Stevens Membrane Electroporation and Emerging Biomedical Applications K.P. Mishra Proton Conducting Membrane for Fuel Cells V. Rao, K.A. Friedrich, and U. Stimming PART III: MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT (INCLUDING NUCLEAR), ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND FUTURE TRENDS IN MEMBRANE SCIENCE Membranes Applications in Industrial Waste Management (Including Nuclear), Environmental Engineering and Future Trends in Membrane Science: Introduction A.K Pabby and A.M. Sastre Treatment of Radioactive Effluents: Introduction, Fundamentals and Scope of Different Membrane Processes B.M. Misra and V. Ramchandran Radioactive Waste Processing: Advancement in Pressure Driven Processes and Current World Scenario G. Zakrzewska-Trznadel Liquid Membranes Based Separations of Actinides P.K. Mahopatra and V.K. Manchanda Reverse Osmosis Based Treatment of Radioactive Liquid Wastes Generated in Hospital Facility and in Steel Industry: Case Studies M. Sancho, J.M. Arnal, G. Verdu, and J. Lora Evaluation of Membrane Based Processing of Radioactive Nuclear Plant waste: Case Studies A.K. Pabby, S.K. Gupta, S.R. Sawant, N.S. Rathore, P. Janadan, R.D. Changrani, and P.K. Dey Application of Donnan membrane process for recovery of coagulants from water treatment residuals A.K. SenGupta and P. Prakash Utilization of Membrane Processes in Treating Various Effluent Generated in the Pulp and Paper Industry and M. Nystrom Membrane Bio-Reactors for Waste Water Treatment E. Casey Membrane Assisted Solvent Extraction for Recovery of Metallic Pollutants: Process Modeling and Optimization I. Ortiz and A. Irabien Membrane Contactors for Gaseous Streams Treatments A. Criscuoli and E. Drioli Strip Dispersion Technique: Application for the Strategic and Precious Metal Separation and Treatment of Wastewater Streams A.K. Pabby, S.C. Roy, J.V. Sonawane, F.J. Alguacil, and A.M. Sastre Electrically Enhanced Membrane Separations and Catalysis V.M. Linkov, B.J. Bladergroen, and M.A. Maluleke Membrane Processes for Treatment of Industrial Tannery Effluents: A Case Study A. Bodalo-Santoyo, E.Gomez, and A.M. Hidalgo New Developments in Nanofiltration Technology: A Case Study on Recovery of Impurity-Free Sodium Thiocyanate for Acrylic Fibre Industry S. Sridhar and B. Smitha Future Progresses in Membrane Engineering E. Drioli and E. Fontananova

Handbook of Membrane Separations : Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food, and Biotechnological Applications

The separation properties of polyamide reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes, widely applied for desalination and water reuse, are constrained by the permeability-selectivity upper bound. Although thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes incorporating nanomaterials exhibit enhanced water permeance, their rejection is only moderately improved or even impaired due to agglomeration of nanomaterials and formation of defects. A novel type of TFN membranes featuring an interlayer of nanomaterials (TFNi) has emerged in recent years. These novel TFNi membranes show extraordinary improvement in water flux (e.g., up to an order of magnitude enhancement) along with better selectivity. Such enhancements can be achieved by a wide selection of nanomaterials, ranging from nanoparticles, one-/two-dimensional materials, to interfacial coatings. The use of nanostructured interlayers not only improves the formation of polyamide rejection layers but also provides an optimized water transport path, which enables TFNi membranes to potentially overcome the longstanding trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity. Furthermore, TFNi membranes can potentially enhance the removal of heavy metals and micropollutants, which is critical for many environmental applications. This review critically examines the recent developments of TFNi membranes and discusses the underlying mechanisms and design criteria. Their potential environmental applications are also highlighted.

A Critical Review on Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes with Interlayered Structure: Mechanisms, Recent Developments, and Environmental Applications

A critical review on remediation, reuse, and resource recovery from acid mine drainage

The use of membrane technology in the treatment of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) can result in reduction of chemical usage and sludge production making the treatment process more environmentally friendly. This study deals with the optimization of membrane filtration performance in the treatment of AMD using two nanofiltration (NF) membranes (NF99 and DK) and one reverse osmosis (RO). All membranes were used in various tests treating a model solution at two different concentration levels in order to cover the concentration of actual AMD found in the mining industry. The main parameters which were studied to determine the optimal condition for AMD filtration are pressure, pH, temperature, and flow rate. Pressure and temperature were found to have a considerable influence on flux, while rejection was only slightly influenced by pressure. The feed flow rate had no effect on rejection. The highest flux with moderate rejection was determined for NF99 while RO had the lowest flux but highest rejection. Therefore, NF ...

Optimization Study for Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Using Membrane Technology

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is recognized as one of the more critical environmental problems in the mining industry, with the potential of severe contamination of surface and groundwater, as well as soils. Different conventional methods are used to treat AMD such as lime neutralization, in which lime is added to AMD to raise pH and then precipitate the dissolved toxic heavy metals. In addition to a high concentration of sulphate, the sludge produced by this process has no economic value and has to be disposed of in large areas of land. Nanofiltration (NF) membranes are a new alternative method employed to treat AMD in this work. First, neutralization of AMD collected from the copper mine in Chile using both sodium hydroxide and lime will be investigated to find the optimum formed sludge. Then, three commercial NF membranes (NF99, DK, GE) have been used to filter AMD at two different pressures of 20 and 30 bar and at two different concentrations. The results showed that NF membranes successfully treated AMD w...

Nanofiltration of Acid Mine Drainage

Mine waters, rich in sulphate, acid and different metal species, are an environmental risk of great importance. Untreated mine waters released into the environment influence complete ecosystems and can reduce species of plant and animal life drastically from thousands to some microbial and algae species. Hence, mine waters are treated before released into the environment by state-of-theart procedures such as lime treatment or constructed wetlands which focusing on future legislation will not meet discharge criteria especially for sulphate. Therefore the Department for Thermal, Environmental and Natural Products Process Engineering of TU Bergakademie Freiberg investigated the applicability of membrane filtration using nanofiltration (Alfalaval NF99) and reverse osmosis (Alfalaval RO 98pHt) membranes. Experiments covered parameter and long-term studies to determine applicability of membrane filtration theory and appearance of scaling (precipitation of inorganic solutes). Results suggest applicability of des...

Andre Rieger

Papers

Optimization Study for Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Using Membrane Technology

Nanofiltration of Acid Mine Drainage

Mine water treatment by membrane filtration processes - Experimental investigations on applicability

Nanofiltration of indium and germanium ions in aqueous solutions: Influence of pH and charge on retention and membrane flux

Analysis of pyrolysis liquids from scrap tires using comprehensive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and unsupervised learning