THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Combination of Advanced Oxidation Processes and biological treatments for wastewater decontamination—A review

Physico-chemical treatment techniques for wastewater laden with heavy metals

Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: a review.

Environmental contamination due to solid waste mismanagement is a global issue. Open dumping and open burning are the main implemented waste treatment and final disposal systems, mainly visible in low-income countries. This paper reviews the main impacts due to waste mismanagement in developing countries, focusing on environmental contamination and social issues. The activity of the informal sector in developing cities was also reviewed, focusing on the main health risks due to waste scavenging. Results reported that the environmental impacts are pervasive worldwide: marine litter, air, soil and water contamination, and the direct interaction of waste pickers with hazardous waste are the most important issues. Many reviews were published in the scientific literature about specific waste streams, in order to quantify its effect on the environment. This narrative literature review assessed global issues due to different waste fractions showing how several sources of pollution are affecting the environment, population health, and sustainable development. The results and case studies presented can be of reference for scholars and stakeholders for quantifying the comprehensive impacts and for planning integrated solid waste collection and treatment systems, for improving sustainability at a global level.

Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues.

Definindo resíduo valioso: o problema de definir massa como unidade de medida de resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos

Nanofiltration has been shown to be effective in removing pharmaceutical compounds from water and wastewater, so different mechanisms can influence treatment performance. In the present work, we carried out a case study evaluating the performance of two nanofiltration membranes in the removal of Atenolol (ATN)—a pharmaceutical compound widely used for the treatment of arterial hypertension—under different conditions such as operating pressure, ATN concentration, and solution pH. By determining the B parameter, which quantifies the solute/membrane affinity, we verified that the solution pH influenced the performance of the membranes, promoting attraction or repulsion between the ATN and the membranes. At pH 2.5, both membranes and ATN were positively charged, causing electrostatic repulsion, showing lower values of the B parameter and, consequently, higher ATN rejections. At such a pH, the mean ATN rejection for the loose membrane (NF270) was 82%, while for the tight membrane (NF90) it was 88%. On the other hand, at 12 bar pressure, the NF70 membrane (5.1 × 10 −5 m s−1) presented mean permeate fluxes about 2.8 times greater than the NF90 membrane (1.8 × 10−5 m s−1), indicating that NF270 is the most suitable membrane for this application.

The Effect of pH on Atenolol/Nanofiltration Membranes Affinity

O trabalho administrativo do enfermeiro sob a ótica dos administradores hospitalares

Metal-cyanide complexes have been used for many years as decorative and protective coatings on a variety of metal substrates. The most important method to protect iron and steel against corrosion is the application of zinc coatings. A number of processes have been developed to apply zinc coatings and the cyanide zinc plating process is still the most widely used. The method for treating wastewater containing metal-cyanide complexes is based on the transfer of the liquid phase to the solid phase. However, the solid residue produced in this treatment is dangerous and should be stored in an appropriate place, which represents a high cost. This treatment is being increasingly questioned because of the environmental consequences associated with the storage of toxic waste. Electrodialysis has been used as an alternative process for treating effluents in conventional electroplating industry, since it enables the recovery of water and the metal-cyanide complexes, minimizing or even avoiding the generation of galvanic sludge.

Electrodialysis Treatment of Metal-Cyanide Complexes

Considering the growing concern about effluent toxicity, generated by the pres ence of metals and the occurrence of new organic pollutants, this study applied an advanced oxidation process (AOP), denominated the photo-electro-oxidation (PEO), for polishing after the effluent passed through the conventional wastewater treatment from the metal finishing industry that often does not satisfactorily remove metals and organic additives. PEO associated organic additive degradation with nickel removal. A synthetic wastewater, whose composition is similar to a nickel bath containing additives, was evaluated. Employing a Ti anode coated with 70%TiO 2 /30%RuO 2 under an incidence of UV radiation from a mercury vapor lamp of 250 W and a stainless steel cathode, 2.5 L of wastewater were treated in a 1.6 L reactor, at a flow rate of 1L.min -1 . Applying different current densities, there was a reduction of up to 83% COD and removal of Ni above 90%. The cytotoxicity assays indicated that PEO did not generate more toxic intermediates because there was no increase in the toxic effect when the solutions were compared before and after PEO.

/pdf/tratamento-de-efluentes-de-eletrodeposicao-de-niquel-por-4si1bql4ww.pdf

Andréa Moura Bernardes

Papers

Definindo resíduo valioso: o problema de definir massa como unidade de medida de resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos

The Effect of pH on Atenolol/Nanofiltration Membranes Affinity

O trabalho administrativo do enfermeiro sob a ótica dos administradores hospitalares

Electrodialysis Treatment of Metal-Cyanide Complexes

Tratamento de efluentes de eletrodeposição de níquel por fotoeletrooxidação