Showing papers by "Andreas Schadschneider published in 2010"
Book•
08 Dec 2010
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling framework for Stochastic Models of Nonequilibrium Systems and Transport Phenomena and some of the models developed so far have shown promise in this regard have been described.
Abstract: I. Methods and Concepts 1. Introduction to Nonequilibrium Systems and Transport Phenomena 2. Methods for the Description of Stochastic Models 3. Particle-Hopping Models of Transport far From Equilibrium 4. Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process - Exact Results II. Applications 5. Vehicular Traffic I: Empirical Facts 6. Vehicular Traffic II: The Nagel-Schreckenberg Model 7. Vehicular Traffic III: Other CA Models 8. Vehicular Traffic III: Non-CA Modelling Approaches 9. Transport on Networks 10. Pedestrian Dynamics 11. Biological Traffic
378 citations
TL;DR: A spatially continuous force-based model for simulating pedestrian dynamics is introduced which includes an elliptical volume exclusion of pedestrians and shows good agreement with empirical data obtained in controlled experiments.
Abstract: A spatially continuous force-based model for simulating pedestrian dynamics is introduced which includes an elliptical volume exclusion of pedestrians We discuss the phenomena of oscillations and overlapping which occur for certain choices of the forces The main intention of this work is the quantitative description of pedestrian movement in several geometries Measurements of the fundamental diagram in narrow and wide corridors are performed The results of the proposed model show good agreement with empirical data obtained in controlled experiments
320 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: PeTrack is developing a software named PeTrack which automatically extracts trajectories from normal video recordings with high accuracy in space and time, to understand and model pedestrian dynamics.
Abstract: To understand and model pedestrian dynamics, reliable empirical data of pedestrian movement are necessary for analysis and verification, but the existing database is small, inaccurate and highly contradictory. For collecting trajectories from extensive experimental series with a large number of persons we are developing a software named PeTrack which automatically extracts these trajectories from normal video recordings with high accuracy in space and time.
200 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the experimental data base gives an survey of a research project, including experiments with up to 250 persons performed under well controlled laboratory conditions, and finds large deviation amongst the methods.
Abstract: In recent years, several approaches for modeling pedestrian dynamics have been proposed and applied e.g. for design of egress routes. However, so far not much attention has been paid to their quantitative validation. This unsatisfactory situation belongs amongst others on the uncertain and contradictory experimental data base. The fundamental diagram, i.e. the density-dependence of the flow or velocity, is probably the most important relation as it connects the basic parameter to describe the dynamic of crowds. But specifications in different handbooks as well as experimental measurements differ considerably. The same is true for the bottleneck flow. After a comprehensive review of the experimental data base we give an survey of a research project, including experiments with up to 250 persons performed under well controlled laboratory conditions. The trajectories of each person are measured in high precision to analyze the fundamental diagram and the flow through bottlenecks. The trajectories allow to study how the way of measurement influences the resulting relations. Surprisingly we found large deviation amongst the methods. These may be responsible for the deviation in the literature mentioned above. The results are of particular importance for the comparison of experimental data gained in different contexts and for the validation of models.
187 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The resulting velocity-density relation shows a coexistence of moving and stopping states revealing the complex structure of pedestrian fundamental diagrams and supporting new insights into the characteristics of pedestrian congestions.
Abstract: Experimental results for congested pedestrian traffic are presented. For data analysis we apply a method providing measurements on an individual scale. The resulting velocity-density relation shows a coexistence of moving and stopping states revealing the complex structure of pedestrian fundamental diagrams and supporting new insights into the characteristics of pedestrian congestions. Furthermore we introduce a model similar to event driven approaches. The velocity-density relation as well as the phase separation is reproduced. Variation of the parameter distribution indicates that the diversity of pedestrians is crucial for phase separation.
77 citations
21 Sep 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply a method providing measurements on an individual scale, revealing the complex structure of pedestrian fundamental diagrams and supporting new insights into the characteristics of pedestrian congestions.
Abstract: Experimental results for congested pedestrian traffic are presented. For data analysis we apply a method providing measurements on an individual scale. The resulting velocity-density relation shows a coexistence of moving and stopping states revealing the complex structure of pedestrian fundamental diagrams and supporting new insights into the characteristics of pedestrian congestions. Furthermore we introduce a model similar to event driven approaches. The velocity-density relation as well as the phase separation is reproduced. Variation of the parameter distribution indicates that the diversity of pedestrians is crucial for phase separation.
49 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Arita et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the dynamical properties of a parallel-update totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with varying system length, which can be regarded as a queueing process with excluded-volume effect (exclusive queuing process), using an analytical method and a phenomenological description based on domain-wall dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations.
Abstract: Recently, the stationary state of a parallel-update totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with varying system length, which can be regarded as a queueing process with excluded-volume effect (exclusive queueing process), was obtained [C Arita and D Yanagisawa, J. Stat. Phys. 141, 829 (2010)]. In this paper, we analyze the dynamical properties of the number of particles [N(t)] and the position of the last particle (the system length) [L(t)], using an analytical method (generating function technique) as well as a phenomenological description based on domain-wall dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. The system exhibits two phases corresponding to linear convergence or divergence of [N(t)] and [L(t)]. These phases can both further be subdivided into high-density and maximal-current subphases. The predictions of the domain-wall theory are found to be in very good agreement quantitively with results from Monte Carlo simulations in the convergent phase. On the other hand, in the divergent phase, only the prediction for [N(t)] agrees with simulations.
25 citations
TL;DR: As 50 000 dejected England supporters watched their team trudge off the pitch after crashing out of the FIFA World Cup, fans console each other with pats on the back and talk of future glory, while comforting children with tear-stained red-and-white faces as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: As 50 000 dejected England supporters watch their team trudge off the pitch after crashing out of the FIFA World Cup, fans console each other with pats on the back and talk of future glory, while comforting children with tear-stained red-and-white faces.
10 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In traffic systems, vehicles are represented by particles while their mutual influence is captured by the inter-particle interactions, which leads to a monotonic decrease of the average speed as function of the particle density.
Abstract: There has been significant progress in modelling complex systems by using cellular automata (CA) [1, 2]; such complex systems include, for example vehicular traffic [3] and biological systems [4,5]. In most cases, particle-hopping CA models have been used to study the spatio-temporal organization in systems of interacting particles driven far from equilibrium [2,3]. In traffic systems, vehicles are represented by particles while their mutual influence is captured by the inter-particle interactions. Generically, these inter-particle interactions tend to hinder their motions which leads a monotonic decrease of the average speed as function of the particle density [6,7].
7 citations
13 Oct 2010
TL;DR: In this article, an interessante Teilaspekte des Einsatzes digitaler Medien zur Unterstutzung von Versuchen im physikalischen Praktikum diskutiert werden.
Abstract: In diesem Artikel sollen interessante Teilaspekte des Einsatzes digitaler Medien zur Unterstutzung von Versuchen im physikalischen Praktikum diskutiert werden. Ausgehend von einer vorgefundenen Problemstellung wird ein Versuch sowie eine Simulation gestaltet, die Verstandnisschwierigkeiten im Versuch thematisieren und beheben soll. Als Ausgangspunkt dienen die in der Literatur gut dokumentierten Schulervorstellungen zu Wurfbewegungen. Der Artikel stellt einen neuen Fragebogen vor, der zur Erfassung der Verstandnisschwierigkeiten bei Lehramtsstudierenden des 3. Semesters eingesetzt wird. Darauf aufbauend werden einige Hypothesen uber die Ursachen der falschen Vorstellungen genannt. Diese Hypothesen bieten die Angriffspunkte fur Entwicklung, Einsatz und Evaluierung der Simulation. Neben der Entwicklung des Versuches wird auch einen kurze Einfuhrung in die Entwicklung von Simulationen im Entwicklungsprogramm Unity 3d gegeben.
Posted Content•
25 Aug 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a spatially continuous force-based model for simulating pedestrian dynamics is introduced which includes an elliptical volume exclusion of pedestrians, and the authors discuss the phenomena of oscillations and overlapping which occur for certain choices of the forces.
Abstract: A spatially continuous force-based model for simulating pedestrian dynamics is introduced which includes an elliptical volume exclusion of pedestrians. We discuss the phenomena of oscillations and overlapping which occur for certain choices of the forces. The main intention of this work is the quantitative description of pedestrian movement in several geometries. Measurements of the fundamental diagram in narrow and wide corridors are performed. The results of the proposed model show good agreement with empirical data obtained in controlled experiments.
21 Sep 2010
TL;DR: A simple model of a production plant that is based on the ASEP and simulate the dependence of the lead time T on the lot size r to determine the optimum lot size rc and investigate dependence of rc on several parameters used in the simulations.
Abstract: We propose a simple model of a production plant that is based on the ASEP and simulate the dependence of the lead time T on the lot size r. Then, we derive an analytical description of the simulation results based on exact results for the single-species ASEP. Furthermore, we determine the optimum lot size rc and investigate dependence of rc on several parameters used in the simulations.