Anja Seubert

TL;DR: During vaccination, adjuvants such as MF59 may increase recruitment of immune cells into the injection site, accelerate and enhance monocyte differentiation into DCs, augment Ag uptake, and facilitate migration of DCs into tissue-draining lymph nodes to prime adaptive immune responses.

TL;DR: It is shown that all recruited cell types take up both adjuvant and antigen to transport them to the draining lymph nodes (LNs), and compared to alum, MF59-injection lead to a more prominent neutrophil recruitment and a more efficient antigen re-localization from the injection site to the LN.

TL;DR: A key element of the mechanism of action appears to be the creation of a transient 'immunocompetent' local environment at the injection site, resulting in the recruitment of key immune cells, which are able to take up antigen and adjuvant and transport them to the local lymph nodes, where the immune response is induced.

TL;DR: It is shown that nonviral delivery of a 9 kb self-amplifying mRNA elicits potent immune responses in mice, rats, rabbits, and nonhuman primates comparable to a viral delivery technology, and that, relatively low doses (75 µg) induce antibody and T-cell responses in primates.

TL;DR: Surprisingly, it is found that MF59 requires MyD88 to enhance bactericidal antibody responses to the rMenB vaccine, and this is proposed to be a Toll-like receptor-independent signaling pathway.