Experience and Educationis the best concise statement on education ever published by John Dewey, the man acknowledged to be the pre-eminent educational theorist of the twentieth century. Written more than two decades after Democracy and Education(Dewey's most comprehensive statement of his position in educational philosophy), this book demonstrates how Dewey reformulated his ideas as a result of his intervening experience with the progressive schools and in the light of the criticisms his theories had received. Analysing both "traditional" and "progressive" education, Dr. Dewey here insists that neither the old nor the new education is adequate and that each is miseducative because neither of them applies the principles of a carefully developed philosophy of experience. Many pages of this volume illustrate Dr. Dewey's ideas for a philosophy of experience and its relation to education. He particularly urges that all teachers and educators looking for a new movement in education should think in terms of the deeped and larger issues of education rather than in terms of some divisive "ism" about education, even such an "ism" as "progressivism." His philosophy, here expressed in its most essential, most readable form, predicates an American educational system that respects all sources of experience, on that offers a true learning situation that is both historical and social, both orderly and dynamic.

经验与教育 = Experience and education

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/201/4359/899.2.full.pdf

Phenomenology of perception.

Ethnography: Step By Step

ガイドライン解説 AHA/ACCF secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease : 2011 update

(1998). Teaching in Nursing: A guide for faculty. Contemporary Nurse: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 197-197.

Teaching in Nursing: A guide for faculty

Healthy aging (HA) is a contemporary challenge for population health worldwide. Electronic health (e-Health) interventions have the potential to support empowerment and education of adults aged 50 and over. To summarize evidence on the effectiveness of e-Health interventions on HA and explore how specific e-Health interventions and their characteristics effectively impact HA. A systematic review was conducted based on the Cochrane Collaboration methods including any experimental study design published in French, Dutch, Spanish, and English from 2000 to 2018. Fourteen studies comparing various e-Health interventions to multiple components controls were included. The target population, type of interventions, and outcomes measured were very heterogeneous across studies; thus, a meta-analysis was not possible. However, effect estimates indicate that e-Health interventions could improve physical activity. Positive effects were also found for other healthy behaviors (e.g., healthy eating), psychological outcomes (e.g., memory), and clinical parameters (e.g., blood pressure). Given the low certainty of the evidence related to most outcomes, these results should be interpreted cautiously. This systematic review found limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of e-Health interventions, although the majority of studies show positive effects of these interventions for improving physical activity in older adults. Thus, better quality evidence is needed regarding the effects of e-Health on the physiological, psychological, and social dimensions of HA. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42016033163
 )

/pdf/e-health-interventions-for-healthy-aging-a-systematic-review-393ka875ot.pdf

e-Health interventions for healthy aging: a systematic review

Aim To explore the influence of an acute care setting on competency deployment of new graduate nurses (NGNs) from a competency-based undergraduate programme. Background In the last 15 years, nursing education has shifted to competency-based education (CBE). Few studies have focused on how NGNs from these reformed programmes use the competencies they have developed. To be paradigmatically coherent with the nature of a competence, studies should also examine how context influences nursing practice and competency deployment. Design A focused ethnography of three acute care units from one academic hospital in Canada. Methods Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were used to recruit 19 participants: NGNs (n = 4), nurse preceptors (n = 2), clinical nurse specialists (n = 9) and nurse managers (n = 4). Data were collected through individual interviews, focus groups, observation and documentation. Data were analysed according to Roper and Shapira (Ethnography in nursing research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2000) ethnographic nursing analysis framework. Results Organisational and individual factors were identified as influencing NGNs' competency deployment. Organisational factors are orientation, stability, workload and the scientific culture of the unit. Personal factors have been linked to groups of professionals: for NGNs, personality and clinical placements during their initial education; for nurses working with NGNs, to be role models, to promote integration and to denounce bullying; and for other health professionals, to recognise nursing expertise. Conclusion One way to smooth the transition from academic to clinical settings for NGNs is by offering transition or orientation programmes that will provide them with stability and a reduced workload, allowing them to progressively deploy their competencies. Relevance to clinical practice Organisational and individual factors influence how new graduate nurses deploy their competencies. Clinical educators and nurse managers can help new nurses by acting on these factors. This study conforms to the COREQ Research Reporting Guidelines for qualitative studies.

Factors influencing the practice of new graduate nurses: A focused ethnography of acute care settings.

Background Screaming is common among older persons living with dementia in nursing homes. Research on this population has not provided a useful basis for understanding such behavior that could help determine appropriate interventions. The purpose of this study was to explore the meanings of screams in older people living with dementia and their influencing factors. Methods Critical ethnography was selected as the research design. Seven triads, each composed of an older person living with dementia who screamed, a primary family caregiver, and one or two formal caregivers, were recruited in a nursing home. Various data collection methods and Spradley's (1979) ethnographic analysis were used. Results Screaming is related to vulnerability, suffering, and loss of meaning experienced by older persons. This singular behavior also expresses various final outcomes that can be differentiated through modulation criteria. The meanings of screams are influenced by stability and flexibility in the nursing care organization and reciprocal effects between older persons who scream and others in the nursing home environment. Each person's screams constitute a unique language that can be learned. Other influencing factors include respect for the older person's wishes, needs, and personality, shifts in power relations within the triad, and feelings of powerlessness and guilt in family and formal caregivers. Conclusions This study advances knowledge of the meanings of screams in older persons living with dementia. It has implications for and offers insight on culturally congruent care for older persons living with dementia and the people around them.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S1041610209991670

The meanings of screams in older people living with dementia in a nursing home.

Aims and objectives
To review the literature concerning the feelings, thoughts and behaviours of nurses and family caregivers of hospitalised older persons when they communicate with one another.

Background
Communication between nurses and family caregivers of hospitalised older persons is not always optimal. Improving the frequency and quality of this communication might be a way to make the most of available human capital in order to better care for hospitalised older people.

Design
A literature review was carried out of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-design studies relating to communication between nurses and family caregivers. Findings were analysed thematically.

Results
Family caregiver thoughts, feelings and behaviours relative to nurse control and authority, nurse recognition of their contribution, information received from and shared with nurses and care satisfaction could influence communication with nurses. Nurse thoughts regarding usefulness of family caregivers as care partners and their lack of availability to meet family caregiver demands could influence communication with family caregivers.

Conclusions
The thoughts, feelings and behaviours of family caregivers and nurses that might create positive or negative circular patterns of communication are evidenced. Further research is required to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.

Relevance to clinical practice
Nurses must be trained in how to communicate with family caregivers in order to form a partnership geared to preventing complications in hospitalised older persons. Results could be used to inform policy regarding the care of hospitalised older persons.

Communication between nurses and family caregivers of hospitalised older persons: a literature review.

Background
As many delirium manifestations (e.g., hallucinations or fears) are linked to patients' experiences and personality traits, it is suggested that interventions should be tailored to optimize its management. The inclusion of family members, as part of an intervention, has recently emerged as a solution to developing individualised patient care, but has never been assessed in post-cardiac surgery intensive care unit where almost half of patients will present with delirium.

Aims
To assess the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of an nursing intervention involving family caregivers (FC) in delirium management following cardiac surgery.

Design
A randomized pilot study.

Methods
A total of 30 patient/FC dyads were recruited and randomized to usual care (n = 14) or intervention (n = 16). The intervention was based on the Human Caring Theory, a mentoring model, and sources informing self-efficacy. It comprised seven planned encounters spread over 3 days between an intervention nurse and the FC, each including a 30-min visit at the patient's bedside. During this bedside visit, the FC used delirium management strategies, e.g. reorient the person with delirium. The primary indicator of acceptability was to obtain consent from 75% of approached FCs. The preliminary effect of the intervention on patient outcomes was assessed on (1) delirium severity using the Delirium Index, (2) occurrence of complications, such as falls, (3) length of postoperative hospital stay and (4) psycho-functional recovery using the Sickness Impact Profile. The preliminary effect on FC outcomes was assessed on FC anxiety and self-efficacy. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANCOVAs and logistic regressions.

Results
The primary indicator of obtaining consent from FC was achieved (77%). Of the 14 dyads, thirteen (93%) dyads received all seven encounters planned in the experimental intervention. Intervention group patients presented better psycho-functional recovery scores when compared with control group patients (p = 0·01). Mean delirium severity scores showed similar trajectories on days 1, 2 and 3 in both groups.

Conclusion
The mentoring intervention was acceptable and feasible and shows promising results in improving patients and FC outcomes.

Relevance to clinical practice
Nurses should involve, if willing, FC to participate in activities that optimise patient well-being FC to use recognized delirium management strategies like reorientation and reassurance.

Anne Bourbonnais

Papers

e-Health interventions for healthy aging: a systematic review

Factors influencing the practice of new graduate nurses: A focused ethnography of acute care settings.

The meanings of screams in older people living with dementia in a nursing home.

Communication between nurses and family caregivers of hospitalised older persons: a literature review.

A post cardiac surgery intervention to manage delirium involving families: a randomized pilot study.