3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480 4.2.2. Epoxidation: Limonene Oxide 2480 4.2.3. Isomerization of Limonene Oxide 2481 4.2.4. Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481

Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals

Technology development for the production of biobased products from biorefinery carbohydrates—the US Department of Energy’s “Top 10” revisited

Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – A review

Renewable Resources Robert-Jan van Putten,†,‡ Jan C. van der Waal,† Ed de Jong,*,† Carolus B. Rasrendra,‡,⊥ Hero J. Heeres,*,‡ and Johannes G. de Vries* †Avantium Chemicals, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands DSM Innovative Synthesis BV, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, the Netherlands Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources

This critical review provides a survey illustrated by recent references of different strategies to achieve a sustainable conversion of biomass to bioproducts. Because of the huge number of chemical products that can be potentially manufactured, a selection of starting materials and targeted chemicals has been done. Also, thermochemical conversion processes such as biomass pyrolysis or gasification as well as the synthesis of biofuels were not considered. The synthesis of chemicals by conversion of platform molecules obtained by depolymerisation and fermentation of biopolymers is presently the most widely envisioned approach. Successful catalytic conversion of these building blocks into intermediates, specialties and fine chemicals will be examined. However, the platform molecule value chain is in competition with well-optimised, cost-effective synthesis routes from fossil resources to produce chemicals that have already a market. The literature covering alternative value chains whereby biopolymers are converted in one or few steps to functional materials will be analysed. This approach which does not require the use of isolated, pure chemicals is well adapted to produce high tonnage products, such as paper additives, paints, resins, foams, surfactants, lubricants, and plasticisers. Another objective of the review was to examine critically the green character of conversion processes because using renewables as raw materials does not exempt from abiding by green chemistry principles (368 references).

Conversion of biomass to selected chemical products

Oxydation catalytique du HMF en acide 2,5-furane dicarboxylique

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol could be obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of either furfural or furfuryl alcohol using Pd-, Ru-, Rh- and Ni-supported catalysts as well as their mixtures with a Cu-supported catalyst. In the case of furfural hydrogenation, the best results (97 % yield, 100 % conversion, 98 % selectivity) were obtained in the presence of Ni and Cu. However, this catalytic mixture could not be recycled. In the case of furfuryl alcohol hydrogenation, Ni-supported catalysts were the most active. Nickel-onsilica-alumina catalyst containing 59 % of metal lead to the best results (98–99 % yield, selectivity and conversion >99 %). Moreover, it could be recycled. Hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol in the presence of this catalyst was the best procedure for the production of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.

High selective production of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol: Catalytic hydrogenation of furfural and furfuryl alcohol

Isolement et identification, par chromatographie gazeuse sur colonne capillaire et spectrometrie de masse, de 14 constituants volatils dont 9 sont decrits pour la premiere fois pour la truffe

Principal constituents of black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) aroma

The steam-distilled leaf and flower oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum canum Sims and Ocimum gratissimum L., collected from 14 different locations in Togo, have been studied. Capillary gas–liquid chromatography and capillary gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were used to determine the percentage composition of these essential oils. The oils from O. basilicum mainly contained either estragole or a linalol–estragole mixture. In those from Ocimum canum, terpin-4-ol, linalol, υ-terpinene and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (β-caryophyllene, (E)-α-bergamotene and bicyclogermacrene) were the major compounds. Thymol, υ-terpinene and p-cymene were identified as the most abundant constituents in the Ocimum gratissimum oils. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Antoine Gaset

Papers

Oxydation catalytique du HMF en acide 2,5-furane dicarboxylique

High selective production of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol: Catalytic hydrogenation of furfural and furfuryl alcohol

Principal constituents of black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) aroma

Chemical investigation of Ocimum species growing in Togo

Selective conversion of D-fructose to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde using a water-solvent-ion-exchange resin triphasic system