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Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Polyimides containing aliphatic/alicyclic segments in the main chains

Abstract Increase in energy demand and consumption has been accompanied by a corresponding increase in sulfur emissions. These pollutants have both health and economic consequences. Furthermore, it significantly reduces the efficiency of advanced emission control systems of diesel engines, thereby indirectly causing more harm to the environment. This resulted in stringent sulfur emission limit down to about 15 ppm or less and in turn served as an incentive for research into alternative sulfur reduction technologies. Although feasible improvements to hydrodesulfurization are currently under investigation, adsorptive, extractive, oxidative and biodesulfurization have also been studied in recent years. Oxidative desulfurization appears to be one of the most promising desulfurization technologies due to its broadness and compatibility with other technologies such as extractive, adsorptive and biodesulfurization. The advent of ionic liquids as extraction solvents has made this even more so. This work, therefore, reviews the different approaches and investigations carried out on oxidative desulfurization while identifying research gaps and giving important recommendations.

Deep oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuels

The demand for clean fuels is increasing throughout the world, with more stringent environmental regulations for transportation fuels including marine fuels, particularly regarding their sulfur content. Moreover, the quality of crude oil and derived petroleum cuts is getting lower while fossil fuels are still in high demand. Heavy oils are characterized by high sulfur content where most sulfur is found in bulky thiophenic structures difficult to remove using conventional high pressure hydrodesulfurization process. However they appeared more reactive in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process, carried out at mild conditions without hydrogen pressure. This review focuses for the first time on the heavy fuels initially containing more than 0.5 wt.%S and upgraded by the ODS process. Different attractive approaches of the literature towards ODS are reported using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Recent developments in ODS assisted with ultrasound technology and the use of ionic liquid to enhance ODS efficiency will be fully detailed and discussed to better understand their viability when applied to high sulfur content, high viscosity, and high boiling point feeds.

Oxidative Desulfurization of Heavy Oils with High Sulfur Content: A Review

Effect of transition metal oxides catalysts on oxidative desulfurization of model diesel

A system and a method for installing software upgrades in a distributed computer system with no downtime In a distributed computer system with cluster architecture, a number of service requests are redirected from a first instance of the cluster to a second instance of the cluster for execution An execution in progress of a service request is also redirected from the first instance of the cluster to the second instance of the cluster The execution in progress proceeds from a state that is saved on a public store by the first instance of the cluster A software patch is applied to one or more software components running on an application server node of the first instance of the cluster A number of service requests are redirected from the second instance of the cluster to the first instance of the cluster for execution An execution in progress of a service request is also redirected from the second instance of the cluster to the upgraded first instance of the cluster The execution in progress proceeds from a state that is saved on the public store by the second instance of the cluster The software patch is applies on the one or more software components running on an application server node of the second instance of the cluster A number of new service requests are directed to the upgraded second instance of the cluster for processing

Zero downtime mechanism for software upgrade of a distributed computer system

Oxidative desulphurization of light cycle oil: Monitoring by FTIR spectroscopy

© 2012 Georgiev et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Chemical and Physical Properties of Polyimides: Biomedical and Engineering Applications

https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/41500/InTech-Chemical_and_physical_properties_of_polyimides_biomedical_and_engineering_applications.pdf

Anton Georgiev

Papers

Zero downtime mechanism for software upgrade of a distributed computer system

Oxidative desulphurization of light cycle oil: Monitoring by FTIR spectroscopy

Chemical and Physical Properties of Polyimides: Biomedical and Engineering Applications

Determination of oxidation products in transformer oils using FT-IR spectroscopy

Synthesis, spectroscopic and TD-DFT quantum mechanical study of azo-azomethine dyes. A laser induced trans-cis-trans photoisomerization cycle.