B6nassy, C., 1955. R6marques sur deux Aphelinid6s: Aphelinus mytilaspidis Le Baron et Aphytis proclia Walker. Annls l~piphyt. 6: 11-17. Lord, F. T. & MacPhee, A. W., 1953. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia II. Oyster shell scale. Can. Ent. 79: 196-209. Pickett, A. D., 1946. A progress report on long term spray programs. Rep. Nova Scotia Fruit Grow. Ass. 83 : 27-31. Pickett, A. D., 1967. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia XIV. Can. Ent. 97: 816-821. Tothill, J. D., 1918. The predacious mite Hemisarcoptes malus Shimer and its relation to the natural control of the oyster shell scale Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Agric. Gaz. Can. 5 : 234-239.

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF01976688.pdf

Soil enzymes: Kuprevich, V. F. & Shcherbakova, T. A.: Translated from the Russian edition (1966), published by the Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre, New Delhi 1971. 392 pp., offset printing from type script, paper cover. Obtainable from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22151

Effect of restricted emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India.

Abstract The ESCAPE study (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) investigates relationships between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and health using cohort studies across Europe. This paper analyses the spatial variation of PM 2.5 , PM 2.5 absorbance, PM 10 and PM coarse concentrations between and within 20 study areas across Europe. We measured NO 2 , NO x , PM 2.5 , PM 2.5 absorbance and PM 10 between October 2008 and April 2011 using standardized methods. PM coarse was determined as the difference between PM 10 and PM 2.5 . In each of the twenty study areas, we selected twenty PM monitoring sites to represent the variability in important air quality predictors, including population density, traffic intensity and altitude. Each site was monitored over three 14-day periods spread over a year, using Harvard impactors. Results for each site were averaged after correcting for temporal variation using data obtained from a reference site, which was operated year-round. Substantial concentration differences were observed between and within study areas. Concentrations for all components were higher in Southern Europe than in Western and Northern Europe, but the pattern differed per component with the highest average PM 2.5 concentrations found in Turin and the highest PM coarse in Heraklion. Street/urban background concentration ratios for PM coarse (mean ratio 1.42) were as large as for PM 2.5 absorbance (mean ratio 1.38) and higher than those for PM 2.5 (1.14) and PM 10 (1.23), documenting the importance of non-tailpipe emissions. Correlations between components varied between areas, but were generally high between NO 2 and PM 2.5 absorbance (average R 2  = 0.80). Correlations between PM 2.5 and PM coarse were lower (average R 2  = 0.39). Despite high correlations, concentration ratios between components varied, e.g. the NO 2 /PM 2.5 ratio varied between 0.67 and 3.06. In conclusion, substantial variability was found in spatial patterns of PM 2.5 , PM 2.5 absorbance, PM 10 and PM coarse . The highly standardized measurement of particle concentrations across Europe will contribute to a consistent assessment of health effects across Europe.

Spatial variation of PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5 absorbance and PMcoarse concentrations between and within 20 European study areas and the relationship with NO2 - Results of the ESCAPE project

This chapter discusses a current comparator. The design of the various components of a comparator may be affected by these factors. To detect short circuit and insulation faults arising during construction and to confirm the effectiveness of the shielding as it is installed, the probe test should be carried out at frequent intervals during the construction.

Design and construction

Temporary reduction in fine particulate matter due to ‘anthropogenic emissions switch-off’ during COVID-19 lockdown in Indian cities

Responses of an old and a modern Indian wheat cultivar to future O3 level: Physiological, yield and grain quality parameters.

Responses of tropical tree species to urban air pollutants: ROS/RNS formation and scavenging.

Responses of a semi-natural grassland community of tropical region to elevated ozone: An assessment of soil dynamics and biomass accumulation

Heavy metals (HM) are nondegradable, persistent, and toxic elements. Heavy metal contamination is a global concern and a major health hazard throughout the world. However, plants have evolved different mechanisms to combat these stresses and even have potential to accumulate them in large quantity. Natural flora has differential ability to metal tolerance with some plants showing induced tolerance at metal-enriched medium, whereas others find it difficult to sustain. Bioaccumulation potential of trees and grasses will be assessed based on peer-reviewed publications. Plants will be classified based on their accumulation potential of different heavy metals. Metal accumulation ability in plants and sources of heavy metals will be assessed for different regions of the world. Anthropogenic input of heavy metals from different sources significantly affects the biogeochemical cycling. Heavy metal depositions considerably affect the plant response. Heavy metal tolerance, uptake, and accumulation in different parts of the plant and possible metal-chelating compounds and their role in metal chelation in trees and grasses will be discussed. Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular biomarkers of heavy metal tolerance or sensitivity among the trees and grasses will be correlated with bioaccumulation potential and heavy metal tolerance. This article will provide a broad overview of higher plant abilities and tolerance capabilities in heavy metal accumulation.

Heavy Metal Accumulation Potential and Tolerance in Tree and Grass Species

Tropospheric ozone (O3), a secondary air pollutant, was assessed to evaluate the intra-urban variability of O3, its local and distant sources, and the influence of O3 precursor gases and meteorological variables on seasonal and temporal trends of O3 from 2013 to 2017 in a tropical urban city located in the middle Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Passive samplers and data from real-time air quality monitoring station were considered. Trajectory statistical models, multivariate statistical methods, and geographic information system were further used to identify spatial-temporal variability and source apportionment. O3 concentrations showed significant intra-urban variability with higher concentrations in suburban or background regions of the city, which were mostly attributed to the transport of O3 at high wind speed from distant and rural areas away from the city, while lower concentrations in traffic and commercial areas were due to titration of O3 by nitric oxide (NO). Variations in meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) and planetary boundary layer height were responsible for seasonal variations in O3 concentrations. Long-range and regional transport of O3 and its precursors such as volatile organic compounds and NOx from the northwestern and eastern directions of the city significantly influenced O3 variability with distinct seasonal patterns. A negative trend in O3 levels was recorded during the study period which may be due to increase in NOx emission in the city. The observed outcomes suggest significant intra-urban variability of O3 in the city which is influenced by traffic as well as by distant and local sources.

Arideep Mukherjee

Papers

Responses of an old and a modern Indian wheat cultivar to future O3 level: Physiological, yield and grain quality parameters.

Responses of tropical tree species to urban air pollutants: ROS/RNS formation and scavenging.

Responses of a semi-natural grassland community of tropical region to elevated ozone: An assessment of soil dynamics and biomass accumulation

Heavy Metal Accumulation Potential and Tolerance in Tree and Grass Species

Intra-urban variability of ozone in a tropical city—characterization of local and regional sources and major influencing factors