Showing papers by "Arie Zaban published in 1996"
TL;DR: In this article, an electrochromic film and a photovoltaic film form the two electrodes of an electrochemical cell, and the resulting structure exhibits photochromism, but unlike conventional photochromic films, the light absorbing process (in the photovolastic film) is separate from the coloration process.
Abstract: PHOTOCHROMIC materials1,2 change colour on absorption of light, whereas electrochromic materials3,4 change colour in response to an electrically induced change in oxidation state. Both classes of materials are being investigated for potential applications in displays, imaging devices and 'smart' windows5–8,15,16. Here we describe an alternative route to such applications, in which an electrochromic film and a photovoltaic film form the two electrodes of an electrochemical cell. The resulting structure exhibits photochromism, but unlike conventional photochromic films, the light-absorption process (in the photovoltaic film) is separate from the coloration process (in the electrochromic film): both may therefore be optimized individually. Moreover, as the coloration process in our cells requires an external electrical current between the two electrodes, the optical state of the cell—transparent, absorbing or, in the case of non-uniform illumination, patterned—can be stored when the circuit is open, or changed when the electrodes are connected.
553 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Li electrodes were studied in a variety of electrolye systems using impedance spectroscopy, and it was assumed that these surface films have a multilayer structure to which a Voigt-type analog of RC circuits in series can be fitted.
Abstract: In this work Li electrodes were studied in a variety of electrolye systems using impedance spectroscopy. The Li electrodes were all prepared in situ by shearing the surfaces in the same solutions in which the experiments were performed. The electrolyte systems included propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2Me−THF, and 1,3-dioxolane (DN) as the solvents, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiBF4, and LiPF6 as the salts, and trace water up to a concentration of 200 ppm. The electrochemical behavior of these systems is controlled by films formed spontaneously on the Li surfaces in solutions through which Li ions migrate under an electrical field, and therefore, Li+ migration in fact determines the interfacial resistance measured. It is assumed that these surface films have a multilayer structure to which a “Voigt” type analog of RC circuits in series can be fitted. All the spectra could be modeled by five RC circuits in series (one of which also contains a “Warburg” ...
156 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the characteristics and performance of a new rechargeable Li-Li{sub x}MnO{sub 2} 3 V battery system developed at Tadiran were described in terms of charge-discharge curves, cycle life, and low-temperature and high-current performance.
Abstract: In this paper the authors report on the characteristics and performance of a new rechargeable Li-Li{sub x}MnO{sub 2} 3 V battery system developed at Tadiran. The behavior of AA cells of an 800 to 750 mAh capacity is described in terms of charge-discharge curves, cycle life, and low-temperature and high-current performance. At charging regimes around C/10, more than 350 cycles at 100% DOD could be obtained. These batteries have a unique cell chemistry based on LiAsF{sub 6}/1,3-dioxolane/tributyl amine electrolyte solutions which provide internal safety mechanisms that protect the cells from short circuit, overcharge, and thermal runaway upon heating up to 135 C. This behavior is due to the fact that the electrolyte solution is stable at low-to-medium temperatures but polymerizes at temperatures over 125 C.
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics and performance of a new rechargeable Li-Li{sub x}MnO{sub 2} 3 V battery system developed at Tadiran were described in terms of charge-discharge curves, cycle life, and low-temperature and high-current performance.
Abstract: In this paper the authors report on the characteristics and performance of a new rechargeable Li-Li{sub x}MnO{sub 2} 3 V battery system developed at Tadiran. The behavior of AA cells of an 800 to 750 mAh capacity is described in terms of charge-discharge curves, cycle life, and low-temperature and high-current performance. At charging regimes around C/10, more than 350 cycles at 100% DOD could be obtained. These batteries have a unique cell chemistry based on LiAsF{sub 6}/1,3-dioxolane/tributyl amine electrolyte solutions which provide internal safety mechanisms that protect the cells from short circuit, overcharge, and thermal runaway upon heating up to 135 C. This behavior is due to the fact that the electrolyte solution is stable at low-to-medium temperatures but polymerizes at temperatures over 125 C.
2 citations