Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior of these systems. Here we review developments in this field, including such concepts as the small-world effect, degree distributions, clustering, network correlations, random graph models, models of network growth and preferential attachment, and dynamical processes taking place on networks.

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The Structure and Function of Complex Networks

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

We investigate whether income inequality affects subsequent growth in a cross-country sample for 1965-90, using the models of Barro (1997), Bleaney and Nishiyama (2002) and Sachs and Warner (1997), with negative results. We then investigate the evolution of income inequality over the same period and its correlation with growth. The dominating feature is inequality convergence across countries. This convergence has been significantly faster amongst developed countries. Growth does not appear to influence the evolution of inequality over time. Outline

https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/81822/1/02-28.pdf

Economic growth and income inequality

Social Network Analysis

ChEMBL is an Open Data database containing binding, functional and ADMET information for a large number of drug-like bioactive compounds. These data are manually abstracted from the primary published literature on a regular basis, then further curated and standardized to maximize their quality and utility across a wide range of chemical biology and drug-discovery research problems. Currently, the database contains 5.4 million bioactivity measurements for more than 1 million compounds and 5200 protein targets. Access is available through a web-based interface, data downloads and web services at: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb.

/pdf/chembl-a-large-scale-bioactivity-database-for-drug-discovery-4mahqu7a7p.pdf

ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery

We consider the ideal-gas models of trading markets, where each agent is identified with a gas molecule and each trading as an elastic or money-conserving (two-body) collision. Unlike in the ideal gas, we introduce saving propensity $\lambda$ of agents, such that each agent saves a fraction $\lambda$ of its money and trades with the rest. We show the steady-state money or wealth distribution in a market is Gibbs-like for $\lambda=0$, has got a non-vanishing most-probable value for $\lambda \ne 0$ and Pareto-like when $\lambda$ is widely distributed among the agents. We compare these results with observations on wealth distributions of various countries.

Money in Gas-Like Markets: Gibbs and Pareto Laws

The COVID-19 pandemic has thrown natural life out of gear across the globe. Strict measures are deployed to curb the spread of the virus that is causing it, and the most effective of them have been social isolation. This has led to wide-spread gloom and depression across society but more so among the young and the elderly. There are currently more than 200 million college students in 186 countries worldwide, affected due to the pandemic. The mode of education has changed suddenly, with the rapid adaptation of e-learning, whereby teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital platforms. This study presents insights gathered from social media posts that were posted by students and young adults during the COVID times. Using statistical and NLP techniques, we analyzed the behavioral issues reported by users themselves in their posts in depression-related communities on Reddit. We present methodologies to systematically analyze content using linguistic techniques to find out the stress-inducing factors. Online education, losing jobs, isolation from friends, and abusive families emerge as key stress factors.

Identifying pandemic-related stress factors from social-media posts -- effects on students and young-adults

The dynamic magnetization-reversal phenomena in the Ising model under a finite-duration external magnetic field competing with the existing order for $T<T_c^0$ has been discussed. The nature of the phase boundary has been estimated from the mean-field equation of motion. The susceptibility and relaxation time diverge at the MF phase boundary. A Monte Carlo study also shows divergence of relaxation time around the phase boundary. Fluctuation of order parameter also diverge near the phase boundary. The behavior of the fourth order cumulant shows two distinct behavior: for low temperature and pulse duration region of the phase boundary the value of the cumulant at the crossing point for different system sizes is much less than that corersponding to the static transition in the same dimension which indicate a new universality class for the dynamic transition. Also, for higher temperature and pulse duration, the transition seem to fall in a mean-field like weak-singularity universality class.

Competing field pulse induced dynamic transition in Ising models

We recognize the contribution of Associate Prof. Dr. Thomas Dick to the research described in the manuscript (ACS Med. Chem. Lett.2013, 4 (5), pp 451–455) and therefore include him as an author. He is affiliated with the Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Block MD4A, Singapore 117597.

/pdf/corrrection-to-discovery-of-tetrahydropyrazolopyrimidine-4gtin5mzvi.pdf

Corrrection to Discovery of Tetrahydropyrazolopyrimidine Carboxamide Derivatives As Potent and Orally Active Novel Antitubercular Agents.

A Bandh frequently invoked by political parties from their urban headquarters in Kolkata gives unbridled opportunities to those who hate work and love leisure, love the bedroom rather than the boring office, serve the senses rather than serve others. No wonder that the media together with development and growth minded expert mushrooms condemn this ‘culture of bandh’ in Kolkata in increasingly harsher terms. ‘Work,’ ‘work culture,’ ‘responsibility,’ ‘the city’s image’ etc., - are the root metaphors that run riot in this discourse. The paper scrutinizes these warm predications. Again, Kolkata - otherwise a cheap city - also engenders euphoric dreams of white elephants at an affordable price. Despite the fact that it did not materialize, the mythopoetics of a grand sale of Chinese goods in May 2001 continues in the wake of fake china bazaars held at various transit points in the city. This lust for cheapness haunts and degrades the image of consumption, which is often taken advantage of by unscrupulous traders - thus opine the self appointed development experts. Hawkers with their cheap knick-knacks flooding the Kolkata streets are removed or fake hawkers by big traders are introduced in their stead. Dreams die, but the dreams of cheap things die hard. However, what is the effect of this virtual china? What kind of dumping is this - the second one? What kind of mimetic act is cheating? What perversions stir the desire for dumped goods of the associational dustbin? Who are these who enjoy this cheap chirping? What kind of risk and responsibility is left to them in their private moments? Why are they left out by the traditional disciplinary studies? Is it because they are scared of commodity fetishism of this kind‘ Is this related to the way the way the history of cricket excludes match fixing lest the reality of cricket matches is brought to revelatory crisis? Or the way film studies don’t write an evidential history of the casting couch lest we question the tortuous geography of a few people’s progress? How do we grasp the nature and content of the discourse that is so shameless in its deliberate anticipatory exclusion? What is the discourse that is shameless in this anticipation and inclusion? This, as we will argue, is the moment of pure politics.

Arnab Chatterjee

Papers

Money in Gas-Like Markets: Gibbs and Pareto Laws

Identifying pandemic-related stress factors from social-media posts -- effects on students and young-adults

Competing field pulse induced dynamic transition in Ising models

Corrrection to Discovery of Tetrahydropyrazolopyrimidine Carboxamide Derivatives As Potent and Orally Active Novel Antitubercular Agents.

Enjoying Bandhs and Elephants at Rupees Two: A Story of Urban Poetics, an Essay in Pure Politics