Individualism and collectivism

(1975). Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Values. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 29, Humanist Issues in Architecture, pp. 32-32.

Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Values

Downloading the book in this website lists can give you more advantages. It will show you the best book collections and completed collections. So many books can be found in this website. So, this is not only this the normal and the pathological. However, this book is referred to read because it is an inspiring book to give you more chance to get experiences and also thoughts. This is simple, read the soft file of the book and you get it.

The normal and the pathological

Writing at the Margin is primarily a collection of revisions of recently published articles, some coauthored, by a distinguished medical anthropologist-psychiatrist. This review will describe only those sections that are relevant to medicine. While medicine is universal in human societies, healing customs and traditions vary widely both among and within societies. According to Kleinman, biomedicine does not accept this multiplicity of healing systems but maintains a "single-minded approach to illness and care," with an almost total emphasis on the physical aspects of disease. To biomedicine "the psychological, social, and moral are only so many superficial layers of epiphenomenal cover that disguise the bedrock of truth, the ultimately natural substance in pathology and therapy." While the biomedical approach has advantages, it fails to incorporate "the patient's experience of suffering," to utilize the "charismatic powers of the healer-patient relationship" or to take advantage of "the therapeutic powers within patients, denying efficacy to

Writing at the Margin: Discourse Between Anthropology and Medicine

Rethinking Psychiatry: From Cultural Category to Personal Experience

The study compares Chilean and Norwegian self-construal with regard to the concepts of independence and interdependence. Chile has been characterized as collectivistic and Norway as individualistic, and the hypothesis is that this characterization also distinguishes self-perception as independent and interdependent, respectively. The total sample consists of 368 university students. The instrument, Self-Construal Scale (SCS), measures the strength of independence and interdependence. The Chilean sample reports a higher score on both constructs. Both samples report the highest score on independence. The results are inconsistent with previous models that characterize Chile as collectivistic and Norway as individualistic. These characterizations are questioned. The findings also imply that a particular score on either independence or interdependence does not predict the score on the opposite variable. Individuals in the two cultures have a unique blend of independent and interdependent self-appraisal, which ...

Self-Construal in Chile and Norway: Implications for Cultural Differences in Individualism and Collectivism

Over the last decades mental health services in most industrialised countries have been characterised by de-institutionalisation and different kinds of redistribution of patients. This article will examine the historical trends in Norway over the period 1950-2007, identify the patterns of change in service settings and discuss why the mental health services have been dramatically transformed in less than sixty years. The presentation of the trends in the Norwegian mental health services and the outline of the major changes in the patterns of inpatient care over the period 1950-2007 is founded on five indicators: The average inpatient population, the number of discharges during a year, the average length of stay, the number of beds or places, and the occupancy rate (average inpatient population/beds). Data are reported by institutional setting. Multiple sources of data are used. In some cases it has been necessary to interpolate data due to missing data. New categories of institutions were established and closed during the 57 years period. De-hospitalisation started in Norway in the early 1970s, de-institutionalisation in general 15 years later. Six distinct periods are identified: The asylum period (-1955), institutionalisation and trans-institutionalisation (1955-65), stabilisation and onset of de-hospitalisation (1965-75), de-hospitalisation (1975-87), from nursing homes to community-based services (1988-98), and the national mental health program (1999-2007). There has been a significant reduction in the number of beds and in the average in-patient population. The average length of stay in institutions has been continuously reduced since 1955. The number of patients actually treated in psychiatric institutions has increased significantly. Accessibility, quality of care and treatment for most patients has improved during the period. The mental health system in Norway has recently been evaluated as better than the systems in USA, England and Canada. De-institutionalisation means fewer beds but not fewer patients treated, neither in institutions in general nor in psychiatric hospitals. The periods represent different kinds of de-, trans-, and even re-institutionalisation. Expansion of the welfare state, increased professional focus on active treatment and increased focus on patients' preferences are the factors that best explain de-institutionalisation in Norway.

/pdf/de-institutionalisation-and-trans-institutionalisation-2xk2w7ditl.pdf

De-institutionalisation and trans-institutionalisation - changing trends of inpatient care in Norwegian mental health institutions 1950-2007.

Dwelling as an expression ofidentity: A comparative study among residents in high-priced and low priced neighbourhoods in Norway

Imprisonment as rehabilitation: Offenders' assessment of why it does not work

Football spectators (N=760) at two local and two international matches were surveyed with the aim of investigating how identity is created and sustained in relation to top-level sport in general, and local and national football teams in particular. Two-way between-groups analyses of variance were applied, and effect sizes calculated. There was a statistically significant main effect for gender, showing that male spectators identify more strongly with their favourite team than female spectators. The findings also include an interaction effect between gender and level of matches, indicating different effects on male and female spectators. Male spectators identify more strongly with the national team than the local team, whereas female spectators identify more strongly with the local team. Strong identification with the national team goes together with more positive attitudes towards the nation. The results are analysed within the theoretical framework of social identity theory (SIT) and self-categorization ...

Arnulf Kolstad

Papers

Self-Construal in Chile and Norway: Implications for Cultural Differences in Individualism and Collectivism

De-institutionalisation and trans-institutionalisation - changing trends of inpatient care in Norwegian mental health institutions 1950-2007.

Dwelling as an expression ofidentity: A comparative study among residents in high-priced and low priced neighbourhoods in Norway

Imprisonment as rehabilitation: Offenders' assessment of why it does not work

Football team identification in Norway: spectators of local and national football matches