Soil Chemical Analysis

Evolution of Protein Molecules

Technology development for the production of biobased products from biorefinery carbohydrates—the US Department of Energy’s “Top 10” revisited

Green Chemistry is a relatively new emerging field that strives to work at the molecular level to achieve sustainability. The field has received widespread interest in the past decade due to its ability to harness chemical innovation to meet environmental and economic goals simultaneously. Green Chemistry has a framework of a cohesive set of Twelve Principles, which have been systematically surveyed in this critical review. This article covers the concepts of design and the scientific philosophy of Green Chemistry with a set of illustrative examples. Future trends in Green Chemistry are discussed with the challenge of using the Principles as a cohesive design system (93 references).

Green Chemistry: Principles and Practice

羟氨苄青霉素引起大疱性类天疱疮样疹

Microalgal biofuels are environmentally friendly fuels regarded as a potential alternative to fossil fuels. Algae are fast-growing photosynthetic microscopic plants compared with terrestrial ones. Microalgae exhibit an inherent potential to accumulate various metabolites inside a cell, which can be utilised for various industrial applications. Cultivation of microalgae for biofuel and high-value chemical applications is costly due to the consumption of substantial freshwater nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous. Mass production of algal biomass in freshwaters is an impractical approach due to increasing demands in the future. Multi-application of microalgae for wastewater treatment for low-cost biomass for biofuel and high-value chemicals and bioremediation can be a viable alternative to various stipulations, such as lowering cost of nutrients, freshwater resources and energy. This chapter discusses the various types of wastewater remediation and industrial-scale bioreactors for biofuel production and wastewater remediation by microalgae Chlorella sp., respectively. In addition, the life cycle assessment of bioremediation and its future perspectives are analysed.

Bioremediation and Biofuel Production from Chlorella sp.: A Comprehensive Review

Wetlands are considered as the interim zones, crammed between perpetually flooded deepwater environments and drained uplands, which support diverse range of biodiversity. Various chemical fertilizers and pesticides were used in the wetland for higher agriculture yield but the majority of them reach to non-target species especially on water birds. Studies have shown that there is a huge decrease in the population of water birds every year. Organophosphate, carbamates and organochlorines are the three major groups of pesticide widely used for agricultural purposes. Organochlorines are the potent blocker of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, which is one of the major reasons for Raptor species depletion in the world. Organochlorines are banned in several countries due to its bio-accumulative nature but which still available in the markets under different brand names. The Organophosphates and carbamates have come as a replacement for organochlorines recently in wide variety of brand names.

Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Avifauna Inhabiting Wetlands

Emerging trends in role and significance of biochar in gaseous biofuels production

It is envisaged that the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production for transport sector would make cellulases the most demanded industrial enzyme, however, current applications of cellulases in industries such as food, textile, and detergent itself generate millions of dollars’ worth of economy. The greatest potential of cellulolytic enzymes lies in ethanol production from biomass by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose but low titer cellulase production resulting into high cost of the enzyme is the major setback. A number of research groups are working on improving the cellulase production technologies as well as to improve their properties so as to increase the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis of available cellulases by applying various biotechnological tools, and also to screen more potent cellulases, other than the available ones. The technologies developed from lignocellulosic biomass via cellulase hydrolysis promises environmental and economical sustainability in the long run along with nondependence on nonrenewable energy source. This chapter deals with the recent developments taken place in the area of cellulase production technologies, its commercial status, and major challenges in its application for biomass conversion and also, alternative strategies to overcome those challenges.

Production of Celluloytic Enzymes for Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysis

Agro-residues are increasingly utilized for the production of value added products owing to the low cost of substrates. L-Lysine is an essential amino acid, commercially produced by fermentation for its single largest application in animal feed industry. The present study deals with the fermentative production of L-lysine by Corynebacterium glutamicum DM 1729 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) where starch hydrolysate of jackfruit seed powder (JFSP) was used to moisten the solid support matrix. Sugarcane bagasse was used as the inert solid support matrix for the growth and amino acid production. Operational parameters affecting the fermentation were studied coupled with process level optimization. Statistical tools, such as, Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to evaluate the factors affecting L-lysine production. The maximum L-lysine production was 16 mg/gds (25 mg/g sugar) after 96 h of fermentation with an initial sugar concentration of 7.5% w/v and 70% moisture.

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/31807/1/IJBT%2014%282%29%20193-199.pdf

Ashok Pandey

Papers

Bioremediation and Biofuel Production from Chlorella sp.: A Comprehensive Review

Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Avifauna Inhabiting Wetlands

Emerging trends in role and significance of biochar in gaseous biofuels production

Production of Celluloytic Enzymes for Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysis

Sugarcane bagasse as inert support for L-lysine production in solid-state fermentation