Screening for breast cancer.

Early diagnosis of breast cancer

Ratiometric luminescent sensors have been of considerable interest to the chemo/biosensor with the ability of providing a precisely quantitative and qualitative analysis. The main strategies for ge...

Recent advances in ratiometric luminescence sensors

In the last decade, Raman Spectroscopy (RS) was demonstrated to be a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive optical spectroscopy allowing the improvement in diagnostic accuracy in cancer and analytical assessment for cell sensing. This review discusses how Raman spectra can lead to a deeper molecular understanding of the biochemical changes in cancer cells in comparison to non-cancer cells, analyzing two key examples, leukemia and breast cancer. The reported Raman results provide information on cancer progression and allow the identification, classification, and follow-up after chemotherapy treatments of the cancer cells from the liquid biopsy. The key obstacles for RS applications in cancer cell diagnosis, including quality, objectivity, number of cells and velocity of the analysis, are considered. The use of multivariant analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminate analysis (LDA), for an automatic and objective assessment without any specialized knowledge of spectroscopy is presented. Raman imaging for cancer cell mapping is shown and its advantages for routine clinical pathology practice and live cell imaging, compared to single-point spectral analysis, are debated. Additionally, the combination of RS with microfluidic devices and high-throughput screening for improving the velocity and the number of cells analyzed are also discussed. Finally, the combination of the Raman microscopy (RM) with other imaging modalities, for complete visualization and characterization of the cells, is described.

Raman Microscopy: Progress in Research on Cancer Cell Sensing.

Currently, the confirmation of diagnosis of breast cancer is made by microscopic examination of an ultra-thin slice of a needle biopsy specimen This slice is conventionally formalin-fixed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and visually examined under a light microscope This process is labor-intensive and requires highly skilled doctors (pathologists) In this paper, we report a novel tool based on near-infrared spectroscopy (Spectral-IRDx) which is a portable, non-contact, and cost-effective system and could provide a rapid and accurate diagnosis of cancer The Spectral-IRDx tool performs absorption spectroscopy at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths of 850, 935, and 1060 nm We measure normalized detected voltage (Vdn) with the tool in 10 deparaffinized breast biopsy tissue samples, 5 of which were cancer (C) and 5 were normal (N) tissues The difference in Vdn at 935 nm and 1060 nm between cancer and normal tissues is statistically significant with p -values of 00038 and 00022 respectively Absorption contrast factor (N/C) of 1303, 1551, and 145 are observed for 850, 935, and 1060 nm respectively The volume fraction contrast (N/C) of lipids and collagens are reported as 128 and 110 respectively Higher absorption contrast factor (N/C) and volume fraction contrast (N/C) signifies higher concentration of lipids in normal tissues as compared to cancerous tissues, a basis for delineation These preliminary results support the envisioned concept for noninvasive and noncarcinogenic NIR-based breast cancer diagnostic platform, which will be tested using a larger number of samples

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Towards a Portable Platform Integrated With Multispectral Noncontact Probes for Delineating Normal and Breast Cancer Tissue Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

There have been substantial advancements in optical spectroscopy-based imaging techniques in recent years. These developments can potentially herald a transformational change in the diagnostic path...

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B. S. R. Sarvani

Papers

Optical spectroscopy-based imaging techniques for the diagnosis of breast cancer: A novel approach