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Art of electronics

A new circular ultra-wideband fractal monopole antenna based on descartes circle theorem (DCT) with elliptical iterations is presented. The proposed fractal design is optimized for return loss below −15 dB. The basic structure is slightly modified to ensure an overall smooth current distribution limited by the junction point nature of the fractal geometries. The measured return loss of the proposed design is below −15 dB within its impedance bandwidth along with omni-directional radiation pattern. Moreover due to the fractal shape, the proposed design has less weight and wind loading effect.

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Circular fractal monopole antenna for low vswr uwb applications

Time-delayed optoelectronic oscillators are at the center of a large body of scientific literature. The complex behavior of these nonlinear oscillators has been thoroughly explored both theoretically and experimentally, leading to a better understanding of their dynamical properties. Beyond fundamental research, these systems have also inspired a wide and diverse set of applications, such as optical chaos communications, pseudorandom number generation, optoelectronic machine learning based on reservoir computing, ultrapure microwave generation, optical pulse-train synthesis, and sensing. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive survey of this field, to outline the latest achievements, and discuss the main challenges ahead.

Optoelectronic oscillators with time-delayed feedback

In this article, we investigate exact soliton solutions of nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) with quadratic-cubic nonlinearity. The Jacobi elliptic functions are employed to study optical solitons. Dark and bright solitons are obtained. Also, the stability analysis of dark and bright solitons for the NLSE with quadratic-cubic nonlinearity is considered.

Soliton solutions of NLSE with quadratic-cubic nonlinearity and stability analysis

On-chip frequency generators for high frequency applications suffer from degradation of key passive components, variable capacitors in particular. In this framework, frequency multipliers can play a key role, allowing the design of voltage-controlled oscillators running at a frequency lower than required with advantage in terms of signal spectral purity and frequency tuning range. In this paper we present two injection locked frequency doublers for Ku-band and F-band applications respectively. Despite differences in implementation details, the same topology where a push-push pair injects a double frequency tone locking an autonomous differential oscillator is adopted. The circuits require limited input signal swing and provide a differential output over a broad frequency range. Dissipating 5.2 mW, the Ku-band multiplier, realized in a 0.13 μm CMOS node, displays an operation bandwidth from 11 GHz to 15 GHz with a peak voltage swing on each output of 470 mV. The F-band multiplier, realized in 65 nm CMOS technology, displays an operation bandwidth from 106 GHz to 128 GHz with a peak voltage swing on each output of 330 mV and a power dissipation of 6 mW. A prototype including the multiplier, driven by a half-frequency standard LC-tank VCO, demonstrates an outstanding 13.1 % tuning range around 115 GHz.

Injection-Locked CMOS Frequency Doublers for μ-Wave and mm-Wave Applications

Injection locking characteristics of oscillators are studied both qualitatively and analytically and the closed-form expressions of frequency-pulling and spectrum of the unlocked driven oscillator is estimated with negligible amplitude perturbation. Modifications in spectrum, lock range, and pulling of the oscillator are shown under significant amplitude perturbation. Also an approximate expression of amplitude perturbation is presented. Numerical simulations and experimental results describing the oscillator's pulling process under significant amplitude perturbation are given.

Study of Injection Locking With Amplitude Perturbation and Its Effect on Pulling of Oscillator

Generation & control of chaos in a single loop optoelectronic oscillator

In this paper, we analyze the phase-locking phenomenon in a single-loop optoelectronic microwave oscillator, when subjected to the influence of small radio-frequency (RF) signal. We derive the differential equations for the amplitude and phase variations in the oscillator. Using quasi-linear approximation, analytical expressions for the lock range and phase-shift after phase-locking are presented. In addition, beat frequency of the unlocked-driven optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is obtained and the phase-locking dynamics of the driven oscillator is discussed. Also, the spectrum components of the pulled OEO is derived as a function of the frequency detuning, lock range, beat-frequency, and frequency-shift induced by the phase perturbation of the injection signal. It is shown that all the analytical closed-form expressions clearly demonstrate the phase-locking mechanism starting from the fast-beat state through the quasi-locked state to the locked state of the pulled OEO. Finally, the simulation results are given to validate the analytical results.

Baidyanath Biswas

Papers

Study of Injection Locking With Amplitude Perturbation and Its Effect on Pulling of Oscillator

Generation & control of chaos in a single loop optoelectronic oscillator

Analysis of Phase-Locking in Optoelectronic Microwave Oscillators Due to Small RF Signal Injection

Phase-locking dynamics in optoelectronic oscillator

A study on the effect of synchronization by an angle modulated signal in a single loop optoelectronic oscillator