Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism

Many people in "literate" societies, when asked to define literacy, almost always do so in terms of reading
and writing abilities This narrow interpretation of literacy, an
offspring of reductionist psychology, has reigned supreme in many academic and educational contexts for decades, greatly shaping literacy theories and classroom practices Within the past ten years, however, a large body of multidisciplinary
research has begun to undermine the authority of this
perspective by situating literacy in larger social practices

Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses.

List of Illustrations. The Elements. Preface . The Scope and Aims of This Book. Storytelling Media and Modes of Narration. Acknowledgments . 1. Getting Started: A Thumbnail Sketch of the Approach Developed in This Book. Toward a Working Definition of Narrative. Profiles of Narrative. Narrative: Basic Elements. 2. Background and Context: Framing the Approach. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Narrative and Narrative Theory. Major Trends in Recent Scholarship on Narrative. 3. Back to the Elements: Narrative Occasions . Situating Stories. Sociolinguistic Approaches. Positioning Theory. The Narrative Communication Model. Conclusion. 4. Temporality, Particularity, and Narrative: An Excursion into the Theory of Text Types. From Contexts of Narration to Narrative as a Type of Text. Text Types and Categorization Processes. Narrative as a Text-Type Category: Descriptions vs. Stories vs. Explanations. Summing up: Text Types, Communicative Competence, and the Role of Stories in Science. 5. The Third Element: Or, How to Build a Storyworld . Narratives as Blueprints for Worldmaking. Narrative Ways of Worldmaking. Narrative Worlds: A Survey of Approaches. Configuring Narrative Worlds: The WHAT, WHERE, and WHEN Dimensions of Storyworlds. Worlds Disrupted: Narrativity and Noncanonical Events. 6. The Nexus of Narrative and Mind . The Consciousness Factor. Consciousness Across Narrative Genres. Experiencing Minds: What It's Like, Qualia, Raw Feels. Storied Minds: Narrative Foundations of Consciousness?. Appendix . Reproduction of Ernest Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" (1927). Transcript of a Story Told during Face-to-Face Interaction: UFO or the Devil. Pages from Daniel's Clowes's Graphic Novel Ghost World (1997). Screenshots from Terry Zwigoff's Film Version of Ghost World (2001). Glossary . References. Index

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Basic elements of narrative

Leaving for College

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The Handbook of World Englishes

Recent studies of bi-ethnic enclave dialect communities in the American South suggest that earlier versions of African American speech both accommodated local dialect norms and exhibited a persistent substratal effect from the early African-European contact situation. We examine this hypothesis by considering the sociolinguistic situation in Texana, North Carolina, a small African American community in the Smoky Mountain region of Appalachia. Though its population is only about 150 residents, it is the largest African American community in the Smoky Mountains. This study considers diagnostic sociolinguistic variables for Texana residents in order to examine the extent to which the members of this African American community align their speech with local dialect norms as the basis for evaluating the status of earlier and contemporary African American English (AAE) in Appalachia. Morphosyntactic variables examined are 3rd pl. -s attachment, 3rd sg. -s absence, copula absence, and past tense be leveling; phonological variables include rhoticity, syllable coda consonant cluster reduction, and /ai/ glide weakening. When compared to cohort white Appalachian speakers, data from older Texana residents confirm the regional accommodation of earlier AAE and at the same time point toward substrate influence in the historical development of AAE. However, unlike AAE in other enclave regional contexts, we find that the dialect of younger residents is not moving toward a supraregional norm of AAE. Instead, young speakers are accommodating several key features of Southern American English, specifically the Southern Appalachian English (AppE) variety that is characteristic of the Smoky Mountain region of North Carolina. Explanations for the attested diachronic changes as well as future trajectories of change for Texana speakers must appeal to sociopsychological factors such as regional identity and orientation to explain local community language norms.

African American English in Appalachia: Dialect accommodation and substrate influence

In this paper, we examine the identities of eight women who share
similar demographic
profiles but exhibit different language practices. These middle-aged
and older women
belong to two social groups, which, we argue, constitute two
communities of practice
within a small black Appalachian community in the Southern United States. From
interview data, we analyze six diagnostic sociolinguistic variables
(third singular -s
absence, copula absence, rhoticity, consonant cluster reduction,
habitual be) and also
examine productions of /u/ and /o/. The groups differ significantly in
their use of the
morphosyntactic and syntactic variables and in their vowel
productions, but not the
consonantal features. Combining our quantitative findings with
qualitative data, we
suggest language is one of several vehicles the women use to transmit
symbolic messages
to others and thereby construct identities for themselves and their
groups, whose
members adhere to different language ideologies, religious norms,
notions of feminine
decorum, and educational standards.

Communities of Practice in Sociolinguistic Description: Analyzing Language and Identity Practices among Black Women in Appalachia

Foreword: Observing the Observers J. K. Chambers Acknowledgments PART I: Research Design 1 Research Design Christine Mallinson 2 Ways of Observing: Studying the Interplay of Social and Linguistic Variation Barbara M. Horvath Vignette 2a. Multidisciplinary Sociolinguistic Studies Marcia Farr Vignette 2b. How to Uncover Linguistic Variables Walt Wolfram Vignette 2c. Studying Difficult to Study Variables J. Daniel Hasty Vignette 2d. How to Uncover Social Variables: A Focus on Clans James N. Stanford Vignette 2e. How to Uncover Social Variables: A Focus on Social Class Rania Habib 3 Social Ethics for Sociolinguistics Sara Trechter Vignette 3a. Responsibility to Research Participants in Representation Niko Besnier Vignette 3b. Working with Transgender Communities Lal Zimman Vignette 3c. Conducting Research with Vulnerable Populations Stephen L. Mann Vignette 3d. Ethical Dilemmas in the Use of Public Documents Susan Ehrlich Vignette 3e. Real Ethical Issues in Virtual World Research Randall Sadler PART II: Generating New Data 4 Generating New Data Becky Childs 5 Ethnographic Fieldwork Erez Levon Vignette 5a. The Joy of Sociolinguistic Fieldwork John R. Rickford Vignette 5b. Fieldwork in Immigrant Communities James A. Walker and Michol F. Hoffman Vignette 5c. Fieldwork in Migrant and Diasporic Communities Rajend Mesthrie Vignette 5d. Fieldwork in Remnant Dialect Communities Patricia Causey Nichols Vignette 5e. Linguistic Landscape and Ethnographic Fieldwork Jackie Jia Lou 6 The Sociolinguistic Interview Kara Becker Vignette 6a. Cross-cultural Issues in Studying Endangered Indigenous Languages D. Victoria Rau Vignette 6b. Conducting Sociolinguistic Interviews in Deaf Communities Ceil Lucas Vignette 6c. Special Issues in Collecting Interview Data for Sign Language Projects Joseph Hill Vignette 6d. Other Interviewing Techniques in Sociolinguistics Boyd Davis 7 The Technology of Conducting Sociolinguistic Interviews Paul De Decker and Jennifer Nycz Vignette 7a. Technological Challenges in Sociolinguistic Data Collection Lauren Hall-Lew and Bartlomiej Plichta 8 Surveys: The Use of Written Questionnaires in Sociolinguistics Charles Boberg Vignette 8a. Language Attitude Surveys: Speaker Evaluation Studies Kathryn Campbell-Kibler Vignette 8b. Cultural Challenges in Online Survey Data Collection Naomi S. Baron Vignette 8c. Dialect Surveys and Student-Led Data Collection Laurel Mackenzie 9 Experiments Cynthia G. Clopper PART III: Working with and Preserving Existing Data 10 Working with and Preserving Existing Data Gerard Van Herk 11 Written Data Sources Edgar W. Schneider Vignette 11a. Accessing the Vernacular in Written Documents France Martineau Vignette 11b. Adapting Existing Data Sources: Language and the Law Philipp Sebastian Angermeyer Vignette 11c. Issues in Forensic Linguistic Data Collection Ronald R. Butters Vignette 11d. Advances in Sociolinguistic Transcription Methods Alexandra D'arcy Vignette 11e. Transcribing Video Data Cecile B. Vigouroux 12 Data Preservation and Access Tyler Kendall Vignette 12a. Making Sociolinguistic Data Accessible William A. Kretzschmar, Jr. Vignette 12b. Establishing Corpora from Existing Data Sources Mark Davies Vignette 12c. Working with "Unconventional" Existing Data Sources Joan C. Beal and Karen P. Corrigan 13 Working with Performed Language: Movies, Television, and Music Robin Queen Vignette 13a. Working with Scripted Data: A Focus on African American English Tracey L. Weldon Vignette 13b. Working with Scripted Data: Variations among Scripts, Texts, and Performances Michael Adams 14 Online Data Collection Jannis Androutsopoulos Vignette 14a. Sociolinguistic Approaches to Storytelling in Facebook Status Updates Ruth Page Vignette 14b. Collecting Data from Twitter Steven Coats PART IV: Sharing Data and Findings 15 Sharing Data and Findings Christine Mallinson 16 Community Activism: Turning Things Around Arapera Ngaha 17 Sociolinguistic Engagement in Schools: Collecting and Sharing Data Anne H. Charity Hudley Vignette 17a. Beyond Lists of Differences to Accurate Descriptions Lisa Green Vignette 17b. Linguistic Flexibility in Urban Zambian Schoolchildren Robert Serpell Vignette 17c. Engagement with Schools: Sharing Data and Findings Donna Starks 18 Sociolinguistics in and for the Media Jennifer Sclafani Vignette 18a. Media Interest in Sociolinguistic Endeavors Scott F. Kiesling Vignette 18b. Sociolinguistics on BBC Radio Clive Upton Vignette 18c. Media, Politics, and Semantic Change Andrew D. Wong Vignette 18d. Engaging with Local and Mass Media on Issues of Language Policy Phillip M. Carter 19 Conclusion Christine Mallinson, Becky Childs, and Gerard Van Herk

Data collection in sociolinguistics : methods and applications

The significance of lexical items in the construction of ethnolinguistic identity: a case study of adolescent spoken and online language

Abstract With the move towards the sharing of linguistic data, sociolinguists are now considering, more than ever, methods for creating corpora that maintain requisite ethical principles while still allowing for data to be used by researchers from around the globe. This paper examines the guiding principles used to create a sociolinguistic corpus that would permit sharing without compromising commitments to informants, from the interview stage to transcription, verification, and anonymization. We consider and adapt theory and practice from fields such as corpus linguistics, anthropology, and sociology.

Becky Childs

Papers

African American English in Appalachia: Dialect accommodation and substrate influence

Communities of Practice in Sociolinguistic Description: Analyzing Language and Identity Practices among Black Women in Appalachia

Data collection in sociolinguistics : methods and applications

The significance of lexical items in the construction of ethnolinguistic identity: a case study of adolescent spoken and online language

Safe harbour: Ethics and accessibility in sociolinguistic corpus building