世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

The global burden of disease.

Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults

https://usiraq.procon.org/sourcefiles/MortalityCrossSectional.pdf

Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey

Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq : a cross-sectional cluster sample survey. Commentary

http://conflict.lshtm.ac.uk/media/DRC_mort_2003_2004_Coghlan_Lancet_2006.pdf

Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a nationwide survey.

BACKGROUND: The humanitarian crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been among the world's deadliest in recent decades. We conducted our third nationwide survey to examine trends in mortality rates during a period of changing political, security, and humanitarian conditions. METHODS: We used a 3-stage, household-based cluster sampling technique to compare east and west DRC. Sixteen east health zones and 15 west zones were selected with a probability proportional to population size. Four east zones were purposely selected to allow historical comparisons. The 20 smallest population units were sampled in each zone, 20 households in each unit. The number and distribution of households determined whether they were selected using systematic random or random walk sampling. Respondents were asked about deaths of household members during the recall period: January 2006-April 2007. FINDINGS: In all, 14,000 households were visited. The national crude mortality rate of 2.2 deaths per 1000 population per month (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-2.3) is almost 70% higher than that documented for DRC in the 1984 census (1.3) and is unchanged since 2004. A small but significant decrease in mortality since 2004 in the insecure east (rate ratio: 0.96, P = .026) was offset by increases in the western provinces and a transition area in the center of the country. Nonetheless, the crude mortality rate in the insecure east (2.6) remains significantly higher than in the other regions (2.0 and 2.1, respectively). Deaths from violence have declined since 2004 (rate ratio 0.7, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: More than 4 years after the official end of war, the crude mortality rate remains elevated across DRC. Slight but significant improvements in mortality in the insecure east coincided temporally with recent progress on security, humanitarian, and political fronts. Language: en

Update on mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: results from a third nationwide survey.

Methods: Focus group discussions were conducted with a range of young men in Vientiane, Laos; interviews were conducted with male sex workers. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a purposive sample of 800 young men. Results: Most young men initiate sex at an early age and have multiple sex partners. Married men are more likely to pay for sex and most sex for money is negotiated in non-brothel settings. Despite high reported condom use for last intercourse with a casual partner, decisions on condom use are subjective. Many men have extramarital sex when their partner is pregnant and post partum. 18.5% of men report having had sex with another man; most of these men also report having sex with women. Moreover, more men report having had anal sex with a woman than with a man. Conclusions: Although not a probability sample survey, this study of a broad range of young men in Vientiane reveals sexual behaviours that could lead to accelerated HIV transmission. Education should emphasise the need to use condoms in all sexual encounters outside the primary relationship. This needs special emphasis when the partner is pregnant or post partum. Advice on safe sex with other men needs to be integrated into all sexual health education for young men.

/pdf/understanding-male-sexual-behaviour-in-planning-hiv-18q6nvz4kt.pdf

Understanding male sexual behaviour in planning HIV prevention programmes: lessons from Laos, a low prevalence country

Background:Continuous infusions of vancomycin over 24 hours have been shown in adults to reduce drug toxicity, lower treatment costs and require fewer blood samples for therapeutic drug monitoring. They may also improve clinical outcome through earlier attainment of target drug concentrations. In ne

Neonatal vancomycin continuous infusion: still a confusion?

Australia, like many other countries, had an initial rise in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) cases in March and April 2020; however, this was followed by a relatively sharp decline in May 2020 after federal and state governments introduced strict community controls. These included mandatory quarantine periods for people returning from overseas, and physical distancing policies, such as closing pubs, bars, entertainment venues, churches and places of worship, restricting restaurants and cafes to take-away only, and limiting public gatherings to two people.

/pdf/impact-of-victoria-s-stage-3-lockdown-on-covid-19-case-37rf9pw9hq.pdf

Benjamin Coghlan

Papers

Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a nationwide survey.

Update on mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: results from a third nationwide survey.

Understanding male sexual behaviour in planning HIV prevention programmes: lessons from Laos, a low prevalence country

Neonatal vancomycin continuous infusion: still a confusion?

Impact of Victoria's Stage 3 lockdown on COVID-19 case numbers.