Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain—3-Dimensional Proportional System: An Approach to Cerebral Imaging, J. Talairach, P. Tournoux. Georg Thieme Verlag, New York (1988), 122 pp., 130 figs. DM 268

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/5/110/206.full.pdf

The american psychological association.

Many current neurophysiological, psychophysical, and psychological approaches to vision rest on the idea that when we see, the brain produces an internal representation of the world. The activation of this internal representation is assumed to give rise to the experience of seeing. The problem with this kind of approach is that it leaves unexplained how the existence of such a detailed internal representation might produce visual consciousness. An alternative proposal is made here. We propose that seeing is a way of acting. It is a particular way of exploring the environment. Activity in internal representations does not generate the experience of seeing. The outside world serves as its own, external, representation. The experience of seeing occurs when the organism masters what we call the governing laws of sensorimotor contingency. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a natural and principled way of accounting for visual consciousness, and for the differences in the perceived quality of sensory experience in the different sensory modalities. Several lines of empirical evidence are brought forward in support of the theory, in particular: evidence from experiments in sensorimotor adaptation, visual \"filling in,\" visual stability despite eye movements, change blindness, sensory substitution, and color perception.

A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness-Authors' Response-Acting out our sensory experience

Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd the perception of the visual world to read.

The Perception of the Visual World. By James J. Gibson. U.S.A.: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950 (George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London). Price 35s.

Series Preface * Preface to the Third Edition * 1 Linear Systems * 2 Nonlinear Systems: Local Theory * 3 Nonlinear Systems: Global Theory * 4 Nonlinear Systems: Bifurcation Theory * References * Index

/pdf/differential-equations-and-dynamical-systems-3chsjx2k45.pdf

Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems

Cet article analyse quelques aspects essentiels de la causalite circulaire qui existe entre le mouvement humain et ses consequences sensorielles. L'interaction entre l'observateur et l'environnement engendre des transformations energetiques (e.g. , optiques, inertielles) qui contiennent de nombreuses informations pertinentes pour son controle. A partir d'une analyse des flux engendres et des contraintes physiques organisant la motricite, quelques lois de controle assurant le guidage en ligne de nos gestes quotidiens sont decrites. L'accent est porte sur la parcimonie et l'efficacite des mecanismes mis en jeu dans la regulation de la locomotion, du geste de saisie, du rebond.

Perception et régulation du mouvement humain : plaidoyer pour une biologie physique

Emotions are a natural vector for acting together with others and are witnessed in human behaviour, perception and body functions. For this reason, studies of human-to-human interaction, such as multi-person motor synchronisation, are a perfect setting to disentangle the linkage of emotion with socio-motor interaction. And yet, the majority of joint action studies aiming at understanding the impact of emotions on multi-person performance resort to enacted emotions, the ones that are emulated based on the previous experience of such emotions, and almost exclusively focus on dyadic interaction. In addition, tasks chosen to study emotion in joint action are frequently characterised by a reduced number of physical dimensions to gain experimental control and subsequent facilitation in data analysis. Therefore, it is not clear how naturalistically induced emotions diffuse in more ecological interactions with other people and how emotions affect the process of interpersonal synchronisation. Here, we show that positive and negative emotions differently alter spontaneous human synchronous behaviour during a multi-person improvisation task. The study involved 39 participants organised in triads who self-reported liking improvisational activities (e.g., dancing). The task involved producing improvisational movements with the right hand. Participants were emotionally induced by manipulated social feedback involving a personal ranking score. Three-dimensional spatio-temporal data and cardiac activity were extracted and transformed into oscillatory signals (phases) to compute behavioural and physiological synchrony. Our results demonstrate that individuals induced with positive emotions, as opposed to negative emotions or a neutral state, maintained behavioural synchrony with other group members for a longer period of time. These findings contribute to the emerging shift of neuroscience of emotion and affective sciences towards the environment  of social significance where emotions appear the most—in interaction with others. Our study showcases a method of quantification of synchrony in an improvisational and interactive task based on a well-established Kuramoto model.

/pdf/positive-emotions-foster-spontaneous-synchronisation-in-a-3atkuc73.pdf

Positive emotions foster spontaneous synchronisation in a group movement improvisation task

Improvisation is not limited to the performing arts, but is extended to everyday life situations such as conversations and decision-making. Due to their ubiquitous nature, improvisation skills have received increasing attention from researchers over the last decade. A core challenge is to grasp the complex creative processes involved in improvisation performance. To date, many studies have attempted to provide insight on brain activity and perceptual experiences when perceiving a performance, especially in musical or artistic form. However, watching/listening a performance is quite different than acting in a performance or performing daily-life activities. In this Perspective, we discuss how researchers have often missed key points concerning the study of improvisation skills, especially by ignoring the central role of bodily experiences in their formation. Furthermore, we consider how the study of (neglected) motor component of improvisation performance can provide valuable insights into the underlying nature of creative processes involved in improvisation skills and their acquisition. Finally, we propose a roadmap for studying improvisation from the acquisition of kinematic data in an ecological context to analysis, including the consideration of the coalition of (individual, environmental and task) constraints in the emergence of improvised behaviors.

/pdf/towards-an-embodied-signature-of-improvisation-skills-2deqnsj2i6.pdf

Towards an Embodied Signature of Improvisation Skills

Dynamique de coordination, variables collectives, et construits sociaux

Le maintien dʼun equilibre instable requiert la coordination dʼun grand nombre dʼarticulations dans le but de maintenir le centre de masse au-dessus de la base de support. Dans cet article, nous tentons 1? de caracteriser la dynamique des composants au niveau local (tete, tronc, membres inferieurs) et global (centre de masse du corps) impliques dans le controle de lʼequilibre, et dʼidentifier la maniere dont cette dynamique est affectee par la pratique sportive (experts en gymnastique, judo, natation) et une population de sedentaires. Les sujets avaient pour tâche de maintenir leur equilibre sur un stabilometre, en minimisant les deplacements du plateau. Par une analyse dimensionnelle (dimension de correlation et exposant maximal de Lyapunov), nous avons pu mettre en evidence la nature des degres de liberte actifs impliques dans la reussite de cette tâche. Nous avons egalement analyse les degres de libertes biomecaniques et leurs coordinations. Les resultats montrent que la dimension est tres basse pour un systeme complexe (entre le point fixe et le cycle limite). Lʼanalyse de la predictibilite (exposant maximal de Lyapunov) montre que les sujets deviennent de plus en plus organises au cours du temps, que cette organisation differe en fonction des pratiques sportives et que lʼinformation module la dynamique. Lʼetude des coordinations a montre que les sujets diminuaient ou augmentaient certains couplages articulaires en fonction de lʼexpertise dans une discipline sportive particuliere ou de la disponibilite de lʼinformation.

Benoît G. Bardy

Papers

Perception et régulation du mouvement humain : plaidoyer pour une biologie physique

Positive emotions foster spontaneous synchronisation in a group movement improvisation task

Towards an Embodied Signature of Improvisation Skills

Dynamique de coordination, variables collectives, et construits sociaux

Influence de l'expertise sportive sur le maintien de l'équilibre précaire: une étude dynamique