Beth A. Schueler

TL;DR: Comparisons between the dose levels associated with in utero radiation exposure of a developing fetus and the estimated fetal doses from typical radiologic examinations lends support to the conclusion that fetal risks are minimal and, therefore, that radiologic and nuclear medicine examinations that may provide significant diagnostic information should not be withheld from pregnant women.

TL;DR: The SIR Safety and Health Committee and the CIRSEStandards of Practice Committee determined that standards of practice in this area should be improved and recommended improvements should be made in the coming months.

TL;DR: Most procedures studied can result in clinically significant radiation dose to the patient, even when performed by trained operators with use of dose-reducing technology and modern fluoroscopic equipment.

TL;DR: In this review, effective dose equivalent and effective dose, as established by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in 1977 and 1990, respectively, are defined and various methods of calculating these quantities are presented for radionuclides, radiography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography and mammography.

TL;DR: There are substantial variations in PSD among instances of the same procedure and among different procedure types, and it is suggested that dose data be recorded routinely for TIPS creation, angioplasty in the abdomen or pelvis, all emblization procedures, and especially for head and spine embolization procedures.