Boon Chin Heng

TL;DR: The exosomes from ESC-MSCs exert a beneficial therapeutic effect on OA by balancing the synthesis and degradation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM), which in turn provides a new target for OA drug and drug-delivery system development.

TL;DR: This review critically examines the various strategies that could be used to direct the differentiation of stem cells into the chondrogenic lineage in vitro and suggests that pharmacokinetic and cytotoxicity/genotoxicity screening tests for cartilage‐related biomaterials and drugs could also utilize protocols developed for the chONDrogenic differentiation ofstem cells.

TL;DR: The phenomena suggested that higher particle–cell association and increased cellular uptake of nHA need not result in increased cytotoxicity, indicating the importance of particle shape on cytot toxicity.

TL;DR: This review critically examines the various strategies that could be used to direct the differentiation of stem cells into the osteogenic lineage in vitro and suggests that well‐defined and efficient protocols developed could provide useful in vitro models for studying osteogenesis and bone development.

TL;DR: Tissue-engineered tendon can be successfully fabricated through seeding of hESC-MSCs within a knitted silk-collagen sponge scaffold followed by mechanical stimulation, and cell labeling and extracellular matrix expression assays demonstrated that the transplants not only contributed directly to tendon regeneration, but also exerted an environment-modifying effect on the implantation site in situ.