https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/1986/901994.pdf?sequence=1

Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Source attribution, emission factors and regulation

http://www.kiwiscience.com/JournalArticles/STOTEN2009.pdf

E-waste: An assessment of global production and environmental impacts

. We present a new data set of annual historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic chemically reactive gases (CO, CH4, NH3, NOx, SO2, NMVOCs), carbonaceous aerosols (black carbon – BC, and organic carbon – OC), and CO2 developed with the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). We improve upon existing inventories with a more consistent and reproducible methodology applied to all emission species, updated emission factors, and recent estimates through 2014. The data system relies on existing energy consumption data sets and regional and country-specific inventories to produce trends over recent decades. All emission species are consistently estimated using the same activity data over all time periods. Emissions are provided on an annual basis at the level of country and sector and gridded with monthly seasonality. These estimates are comparable to, but generally slightly higher than, existing global inventories. Emissions over the most recent years are more uncertain, particularly in low- and middle-income regions where country-specific emission inventories are less available. Future work will involve refining and updating these emission estimates, estimating emissions' uncertainty, and publication of the system as open-source software.

/pdf/historical-1750-2014-anthropogenic-emissions-of-reactive-4l2fje0yoy.pdf

Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS)

Organic carbon (OC) accounts for a large fraction of atmospheric aerosol and has profound effects on air quality, atmospheric chemistry and climate forcing. Molecular composition of the OC and its evolution during common processes of atmospheric aging have been a subject of extensive research over the last decade (see reviews of Ervens et al.,1 Hallquist et al.,2 Herckes et al.,3 Carlton et al.,4 Kroll and Seinfeld,5 Rudich et al.,6 and Kanakidou et al.7). Even though many fundamental advances have been reported in these studies, our understanding of the climate-related properties of atmospheric OC is still incomplete and the specific ways in which OC impacts atmospheric environment and climate forcing are just beginning to be understood. This review covers one topic of particular interest in this area –environmental chemistry of light-absorbing aerosol OC and its impact on radiative forcing.

Chemistry of atmospheric brown carbon.

Biomass combustion in fluidized bed boilers: Potential problems and remedies

Open burning of agricultural biomass: Physical and chemical properties of particle-phase emissions

The open burning of waste, whether at individual residences, businesses, or dump sites, is a large source of air pollutants. These emissions, however, are not included in many current emission inventories used for chemistry and climate modeling applications. This paper presents the first comprehensive and consistent estimates of the global emissions of greenhouse gases, particulate matter, reactive trace gases, and toxic compounds from open waste burning. Global emissions of CO2 from open waste burning are relatively small compared to total anthropogenic CO2; however, regional CO2 emissions, particularly in many developing countries in Asia and Africa, are substantial. Further, emissions of reactive trace gases and particulate matter from open waste burning are more significant on regional scales. For example, the emissions of PM10 from open domestic waste burning in China is equivalent to 22% of China's total reported anthropogenic PM10 emissions. The results of the emissions model presented here suggest that emissions of many air pollutants are significantly underestimated in current inventories because open waste burning is not included, consistent with studies that compare model results with available observations.

Global Emissions of Trace Gases, Particulate Matter, and Hazardous Air Pollutants from Open Burning of Domestic Waste

The mechanisms and rate of elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) capture by activated carbons have been studied using a bench-scale apparatus. Three types of activated carbons, two of which are thermally activated (PC-100 and FGD) and one with elemental sulfur (S) impregnated in it (HGR), were chosen to study the effects of surface area (approximately 550-1000 m 2 /g), sorption temperature (23-140 o C), and Hg 0 concentration (30 and 60 ppb of Hg 0 in nitrogen). Investigations revealed that sorption occurs in active sites in PC-100 and FGD which are either depleted or deactivated upon heat treatment at 140 o C. For HGR, sorption at 23 o C occurred in non-S sites residing in the external surface, and sorption of 140 o C primarily occurred through the reaction of Hg 0 and S.

Sorption of elemental mercury by activated carbons.

Importance of activated carbon's oxygen surface functional groups on elemental mercury adsorption☆ ☆

Emissions from the in situ burning of oil in the Gulf of Mexico after the catastrophic failure of the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform were sampled for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF). A battery-operated instrument package was lofted into the plumes of 27 surface oil fires over a period of four days via a tethered aerostat to determine and characterize emissions of PCDD/PCDF. A single composite sample resulted in an emission factor of 2.0 ng toxic equivalency (TEQ) per kg of carbon burned, or 1.7 ng TEQ per kg of oil burned, determined by a carbon balance method. Carbon was measured as CO(2) plus particulate matter, the latter of which has an emission factor of 0.088 kg/kg carbon burned. The average plume concentration approximately 200-300 m from the fire and about 75-200 m above sea level was <0.0002 ng TEQ/m(3).

http://www.arl.noaa.gov/documents/reports/Aurell_and_Gullett_2010.pdf

Brian K. Gullett

Papers

Open burning of agricultural biomass: Physical and chemical properties of particle-phase emissions

Global Emissions of Trace Gases, Particulate Matter, and Hazardous Air Pollutants from Open Burning of Domestic Waste

Sorption of elemental mercury by activated carbons.

Importance of activated carbon's oxygen surface functional groups on elemental mercury adsorption☆ ☆

Aerostat sampling of PCDD/PCDF emissions from the Gulf oil spill in situ burns.