Showing papers in "Atmospheric Environment in 2005"

TL;DR: The WRF/Chem model is statistically better skilled in forecasting O3 than MM5/Chem, with no appreciable differences between models in terms of bias with the observations, and consistently exhibits better skill at forecasting the O3 precursors CO and NOy at all of the surface sites.

TL;DR: A total of 92 samples of street dust were collected in Luanda, Angola, were sieved below 100 μm, and analysed by ICP-MS for 35 elements after an aqua-regia digestion as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, an inventory of mercury emissions from anthropogenic activities in China is compiled for the year 1999 from official statistical data, which includes open biomass burning, but does not include natural sources or re-emission of previously deposited mercury.

TL;DR: In this article, daily PM 2.5 aerosol samples were collected at five sites in Beijing for a 3-year period from 2001 to 2003, and 23 elements were measured for a total of 334 samples.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the variation of element concentration between different site types and on the chemical mass closure of atmospheric particulate matter and obtain emission sources of trace elements by evaluation of the element abundances at sites that represent different pollution levels.

TL;DR: In this paper, the 24-hour PM2.5 samples were taken at 6-day intervals at five urban and rural sites simultaneously in Beijing, China for 1 month in each quarter of calendar year 2000.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the influence of anthropogenic aerosols on climate through both direct and indirect effects has been carried out to assess the impact of human-made aerosols (e.g., greenhouse gases) on climate.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of local primary sources in urban areas (including mobile sources on freeways) on the temporal and spatial distribution of ultrafine particles (UFP) and associated pollutants.

TL;DR: In this paper, the physical and chemical characterization of PM 25 emissions from simulated agricultural fires (AFs) of surface residuals of two major grain crops, rice ( Oryza sativa ) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L) is presented.

TL;DR: In this article, an isoprene/NO X /air mixture was irradiated in a flow reactor smog chamber in both the absence and presence of SO 2 to measure the SOA yield and to establish whether the two 2-methyl tetrols and 2methyl glyceric acid are present in isoprane SOA and could serve as SOA indicator compounds.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on measurements of mercury from two sites during spring 2004 which received Asian outflow: Hedo Station,Okinawa (HSO),Japan and the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO) in central Oregon,USA.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the literature on intraurban exposure to air pollution exposure studies is presented, with a focus on monitored-data studies at the intraurban spatial scale, and the authors find that particular attention should be given to local conditions and methods when using one or few monitoring sites to characterise wider population exposures.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the data concerning the atmospheric occurrence of nitrophenols, both in the gas and in the condensed phase (rainwater, cloud, fog and snow).

TL;DR: In this paper, a general overview of urban VOCs in many Chinese cities was given, and the benzene to toluene ratio characteristic of the Chinese vehicular fleet was calculated using roadside samples (collected in 25 cities).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed time-series aerosol samples collected in Tokyo every 3-h during summer and winter campaigns for homologous dicarboxylic acids (C 2 -C 10 ), ketocarboxyl acid(C 2 −C 4 ), and α -dicarbonyls (C2 -C 3 ) using a GC and GC/MS.

TL;DR: In this paper, a statistical analysis of roadside concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in London shows that from 1997 to 2003 there has been a statistically significant downward trend (at the p = 0.004 level) in NOX averaged across a network of 36 sites.

TL;DR: In this article, principal component analysis (PCA) and multilinear regression analysis (MLRA) were used to identify possible sources of particulate matter (PM) and to determine their mass contribution.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and particle number in the Helsinki subway system during a two-weeks measurement campaign in March 2004.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a neural network to forecast the daily average PM 10 concentrations in Belgium one day ahead based upon measurements from ten monitoring sites during the pe riod 1997 -2001 and upon ECMWF simulations of meteorological parameters.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors collected airborne particulates from seven cities in the Pan-Japan Sea countries, Shenyang (China), Vladivostok (Russia), Seoul (South Korea), Kitakyushu, Kanazawa, Tokyo and Sapporo (Japan), in winter and summer from 1997 to 2002.

TL;DR: In this paper, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and nonpolar organic species were quantified using an in-injection port thermal desorption technique.

TL;DR: In this article, the stable lead isotope ratios in Shanghai, China were measured at three monitoring sites in Shanghai since 1995 ranging the period of phasing out of leaded gasoline and showed that the variation of lead concentrations showed the feature of site-dependence.

TL;DR: In this paper, anthropogenic heating is incorporated as a source term in the near-surface energy balance within the MM5 mesoscale atmospheric model, and the energy balance is calculated as part of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) module.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a formal method of optimally locating a dense network of air pollution monitoring stations and derived an exposure assessment model based on these monitoring data and related land use, population, and biophysical information.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the impact using detailed traffic data, combined with the Environmental Research Group's road traffic emissions model, has identified a number of important results, such as a significant reduction in the emissions of NOX and PM10 associated with increases in vehicle speed and that this is as important in reducing emissions as changes in vehicle numbers.

TL;DR: The dominant PAH compounds were indeno(1,2,3- cd)pyrene, benzo(ghi)perylene and benzo-b)fluoranthene for both the fractions as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss techniques for measuring and modelling pesticide emission, and the factors that affect drift processes during spray application, including equipment design and application parameters, spray physical properties and formulation, and meteorological conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, a large-eddy simulation (LES) technique was employed to predict the air exchange rate and pollutant exchange rate for street canyons of aspect ratio (h/b, building-height-to-street-width) 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 at a Reynolds number (Re) of 12,000 and a Schmidt number (Sc) of 0.72.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the cause of the poor air quality in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of Southern China due to the hurricane Melor 0319, which was located at the northwest Philippines on 2 November 2003 and the Guangzhou region is outside the hurricane.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors co-located 24-hour samples of PM10, PM2.5 and black smoke (BS) at an urban background site in Edinburgh, and each sample sequentially extracted with ultra-pure water, then concentrated HNO3/HCl, and analyzed for Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb.