Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment: An overview of the IPCC SREX report

Morphodynamics of Holocene salt marshes: a review sketch from the Atlantic and Southern North Sea coasts of Europe

dinamica—a stochastic cellular automata model designed to simulate the landscape dynamics in an Amazonian colonization frontier

Analysis of more than 1200 radiocarbon dated samples that constrain relative sea-levels in Great Britain over the past 16 000 yr provides estimates of current land-level changes (negative of relative sea-level change). Maximum relative land uplift occurs in central and western Scotland, ca. 1.6 mm yr-1, and maximum subsidence is in southwest England, ca. 1.2 mm yr-1. Sediment consolidation, arising from autocompaction as the sediment accumulates and from land drainage, increases the subsidence in areas with thick sequences of Holocene sediments, with an average effect equivalent to at least an extra ca. 0.2 mm yr-1 land subsidence, but more in parts of southeast England, 0.5-1.1 mm yr-1. Modelled changes in tidal range during the mid- to late Holocene in eastern England suggest that the calculated rate of land subsidence is overestimated unless such changes are quantified. The effect is most significant for large coastal lowlands, the Fenland and Humber (ca. 0.5 and 0.6 mm yr-1), that were tidal embayments during the mid- to late Holocene.

Holocene land- and sea-level changes in Great Britain

The Northern Yellowstone Elk: Ecology and Management

Solution of the mild-slope wave problem by iteration

Modeling the contribution of M2 tidal amplification to the Holocene rise of mean high water in the Gulf of Maine and the Bay of Fundy

While studying the bathymetric transformation of ocean waves propagating into a coastal region, the engineer often invokes the concept of the significant wave to represent the offshore irregular sea state. As an approximation, the propagation characteristics of a regular wave train (with properties equal to that of the significant wave) are determined, instead of those of the actual irregular sea state. However, recent experimental investigations by Vincent and Briggs have shown that for the case of combined refraction‐diffraction of waves by a shoal, the propagation characteristics of the irregular and equivalent regular (monochromatic) wave conditions can be vastly different. At the same time, researchers are investing substantial effort in the construction of accurate numerical refraction‐diffraction models for monochromatic waves. Although the monochromatic representation gives a poor approximation of the spectral conditions, this study shows that a monochromatic refraction‐diffraction model can be us...

Numerical Simulation of Irregular Wave Propagation over Shoal

Combined refraction-diffraction of short-waves in large coastal regions

Based on a compilation of current data at the surface, the classical Ekman theory is inappropriate for calculating wind generated currents near the surface. The cause is found to be the assumption by Ekman of a vertical eddy viscosity, N v , which is constant over a depth. A numerical model is described briefly, which allows for a variation of N v over depth, z, as well as in the x and y directions. The model was developed using a Galerkin technique. The model can include a sharp, wind driven profile near the surface. The method is computationally reasonable, requiring about the same number of computations as a vertically averaged formulation. A relationship for choosing N v versus depth is presented. Experimental data are compared to the numerical model results.

Bryan R. Pearce

Papers

Solution of the mild-slope wave problem by iteration

Modeling the contribution of M2 tidal amplification to the Holocene rise of mean high water in the Gulf of Maine and the Bay of Fundy

Numerical Simulation of Irregular Wave Propagation over Shoal

Combined refraction-diffraction of short-waves in large coastal regions

Numerical Circulation Model for Wind Induced Flow