Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=526892a1d4c118a61d4360bd&assetKey=AS%3A272155479085058%401441898330516

Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesis.

Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: a review.

Biodegradable and bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

A paradigm shift is taking place in medicine from using synthetic implants and tissue grafts to a tissue engineering approach that uses degradable porous material scaffolds integrated with biological cells or molecules to regenerate tissues. This new paradigm requires scaffolds that balance temporary mechanical function with mass transport to aid biological delivery and tissue regeneration. Little is known quantitatively about this balance as early scaffolds were not fabricated with precise porous architecture. Recent advances in both computational topology design (CTD) and solid free-form fabrication (SFF) have made it possible to create scaffolds with controlled architecture. This paper reviews the integration of CTD with SFF to build designer tissue-engineering scaffolds. It also details the mechanical properties and tissue regeneration achieved using designer scaffolds. Finally, future directions are suggested for using designer scaffolds with in vivo experimentation to optimize tissue-engineering treatments, and coupling designer scaffolds with cell printing to create designer material/biofactor hybrids.

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Porous scaffold design for tissue engineering

Design of porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering using a three-dimensional fiber-deposition technique.

3D fiber-deposited scaffolds for tissue engineering: Influence of pores geometry and architecture on dynamic mechanical properties

Injectable chitosan-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering

The supply of oxygen within three-dimensional tissue-engineered (TE) cartilage polymer constructs is mainly by diffusion. Oxygen consumption by cells results in gradients in the oxygen concentration. The aims of this study were, firstly, to identify the gradients within TE cartilage polymer constructs and, secondly, to predict the profiles during in vitro culture. A glass microelectrode system was adapted and used to penetrate cartilage and TE cartilaginous constructs, yielding reproducible measurements with high spatial resolution. Cartilage polymer constructs were cultured for up to 41 days in vitro. Oxygen concentrations, as low as 2-5%, were measured within the center of these constructs. At the beginning of in vitro culture, the oxygen gradients were steeper in TE constructs in comparison to native tissue. Nevertheless, during the course of culture, oxygen concentrations approached the values measured in native tissue. A mathematical model was developed which yields oxygen profiles within cartilage explants and TE constructs. Model input parameters were assessed, including the diffusion coefficient of cartilage (2.2 × 10-9) + (0.4 × 10-9 m2 s-1), 70% of the diffusion coefficient of water and the diffusion coefficient of constructs (3.8 × 10-10 m2 s-1). The model confirmed that chondrocytes in polymer constructs cultured for 27 days have low oxygen requirements (0.8 × 10-19 mol m-3 s-1), even lower than chondrocytes in native cartilage. The ability to measure and predict local oxygen tensions offers new opportunities to obtain more insight in the relation between oxygen tension and chondrogenesis.

Oxygen gradients in tissue-engineered PEGT/PBT cartilaginous constructs: measurement and modeling.

Synthesis and characterization of hyaluronic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels via Michael addition: An injectable biomaterial for cartilage repair.

C.A. van Blitterswijk

Papers

Design of porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering using a three-dimensional fiber-deposition technique.

3D fiber-deposited scaffolds for tissue engineering: Influence of pores geometry and architecture on dynamic mechanical properties

Injectable chitosan-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering

Oxygen gradients in tissue-engineered PEGT/PBT cartilaginous constructs: measurement and modeling.

Synthesis and characterization of hyaluronic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels via Michael addition: An injectable biomaterial for cartilage repair.