C.C. Brockett

TL;DR: CASA, with high repeatability, provided a more discriminating estimate of the percentage of motile sperm cells than did the subjective procedure, and bull effect was much greater than any other variable in the experiments.

TL;DR: Antioxidants generally were not beneficial, except the percentage of motile sperm was improved by 6-11% units when sperm were stored unfrozen or after freezing when 0.5mM of GSH with or without SOD was added, which may have more useful applications in organizations using an egg yolk-based semen extender.

TL;DR: The effects of the compounds studied on motility of frozen-thawed sperm were small, but if they protect sperm cell membranes, as reported for other types of membranes, they may assist sperm in surviving in the reproductive tract of the cow prior to fertilization.

TL;DR: The effects of freezing procedures, osmolarity, trehalose, and sucrose on survival of bull sperm in whole milk and egg yolk-Tris, used worldwide, were studied and provide a basis for further investigating simple freezing systems that might be more effective in preserving bull sperm than those currently available.

TL;DR: These additives, useful as cryopreservatives or membrane protectors in other systems, did not enhance the fertility of sperm frozen in whole milk.