C. Ortega Ferrusola

TL;DR: This LPO is unlikely to represent, per se, a sign of cryopreservation-induced injury, but it is apparently capable of triggering 'apoptotic-like changes' that could result in the sub-lethal cryodamage often seen among surviving spermatozoa.

TL;DR: Novel findings regarding the role of mitochondria in sperm are reviewed, paying special attention to their role as a major source of the sublethal damage that sperm experiments after cryopreservation.

TL;DR: Current developments in the technology of freezing stallion sperm, paying special attention to the molecular lesions that spermatozoa suffer during freezing and thawing, include osmotic stress, oxidative damage, and apoptotic changes.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis seems to be an important factor involved in the sublethal damage that equine spermatozoa experience after freezing and thawing, and that sperm motility in the equine species is largely dependent on mitochondrial ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation.

TL;DR: The toxicity of glycerol is apparently related to osmotic and nonosmotic effects and the concentration in the freezing media for stallion spermatozoa should not surpass 2.5%.