Manuscript received April 14, 1983; revised June 24, 1983. N. B. Abraham is with the Department of Physics, BrynMawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010. P. Mandel is with the Service de Chimie Physique 11, Universite Libre de Bruselles, Brussels, Belgium. L. W. Casperson is with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Science: University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Editor’s Note: A similar correction by Dr. F. Holigner and Prof. Dr. H. Weber of the Universitat Kaiserslautern was received on May 4, 1983. tions can be expressed as BR = y + p P (3a j

Principles of lasers

High-performance mode-locked and Q-switched fiber lasers based on novel 2D materials of topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus: review and perspective (invited)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as saturable absorber in passively Q-switched fiber laser

FSO or free space optics is a familiar name used in a wide array of applications in the area of telecommunications. Due to its features of low maintenance cost and deployment time, most of the applications consider FSO as the alternative solution for appropriately replacing fiber optics. In this work, we have designed 100 Gbps FSO system by combining mode division multiplexing (MDM) and optical code multiple access scheme (OCDMA). Ten channels, each carrying 10 Gbps data, are transported over 8 km FSO link by using MDM of two Laguerre Gaussian modes and random diagonal codes. Moreover, the performance of proposed MDM–OCDMA–FSO system is also investigated under atmospheric turbulences.

A cost effective 100 Gbps hybrid MDM–OCDMA–FSO transmission system under atmospheric turbulences

In this paper, we demonstrate a high-damage-resistant tungsten disulfide saturable absorber mirror (WS2-SAM) fabricated by magnetron sputtering technique. The WS2-SAM has an all-fiber-integrated configuration and high-damage-resistant merit because the WS2 layer is protected by gold film so as to avoid being oxidized and destroyed at high pump power. Employing the WS2-SAM in an Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) with linear cavity, the stable Q-switching operation is achieved at central wavelength of 1560 nm, with the repetition rates ranging from 29.5 kHz to 367.8 kHz and the pulse duration ranging from 1.269 μs to 154.9 ns. For the condition of the maximum pump power of 600 mW, the WS2-SAM still works stably with an output power of 25.2 mW, pulse energy of 68.5 nJ, and signal-noise-ratio of 42 dB. The proposed WS2-SAM configuration provides a promising solution for advanced pulsed fiber lasers with the characteristics of high damage resistance, high output energy, and wide tunable frequency.

High-damage-resistant tungsten disulfide saturable absorber mirror for passively Q-switched fiber laser

We demonstrate a passively Q-switched erbium fiber laser using titanium dioxide (TiO 2) as a saturable absorber. The TiO 2 saturable absorber was fabricated as a polymer composite film and sandwiched between fiber ferrules. Q-switched pulsing starts with the assistance of physical disturbance of the laser cavity (by lightly tapping the cavity to induce instability) at 140 mW and lasts until 240 mW. The repetition rate increases with the pump power from 80.28 to 120.48 kHz. On the other hand, the pulsewidth decreases from $2.054\ \mu\text{s}$ until it reaches a plateau at $1.84\ \mu\text{s}$ . The Q-switched fiber laser exhibits two competing modes: at 1558.1 and 1558.9 nm as the pump power increases. A high signal-to-noise ratio of 49.65 dB is obtained.

C-Band Q-Switched Fiber Laser Using Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) As Saturable Absorber

We demonstrate a Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser using tungsten disulfide (WS₂) as a saturable absorber. The WS₂ is deposited onto fiber ferrules using a drop-casting method. Passive Q-switched pulses operating in the C-band region with a central wavelength of 1560.7 nm are successfully generated by a tunable pulse repetition rate ranging from 27.2 to 84.8 kHz when pump power is increased from 40 to 220 mW. At the same time, the pulse width decreases from a maximum value of 3.84 μs to a minimum value of 1.44 μs. The signal-to-noise ratio gives a stable value of 43.7 dB. The modulation depth and saturation intensity are measured to be 0.99% and 36.2  MW/cm², respectively.

Passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser at C-band region based on WS₂ saturable absorber

Nanomaterials have ignited new interest due to their distinctive electronic, mechanical, and optical properties. Zinc oxide nanostructures are fabricated into thin film and then inserted between two fiber ferrules to act as a saturable absorber (SA). The modulation depth and insertion loss of the SA are 5% and 3.5 dB, respectively. When the ZnO-SA is incorporated into the laser cavity, a stable Q-switched pulse tunable from 1536 to 1586 nm (50 nm range) with pulse energy up to 46 nJ was observed. Our result suggests that ZnO is a promising broadband SA to generate passively Q-switched fiber lasers.

Tunable Q-switched fiber laser using zinc oxide nanoparticles as a saturable absorber

We report a passive Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser based on silver (Ag) nanoparticle thin-film saturable absorber (SA). The thin film was sandwiched between two fiber ferrules, which offer flexibility and easy integration into the ring cavity. Self-started and stable Q-switching is achieved at a central wavelength of 1558.7 nm; within the C-band region. The repetition rate and pulse duration shows a typical Q-switched laser profile as we increase the pump power; the repetition rate increases from 19.471–74.074 kHz while pulse duration decreases from 8.88–3.2 µs. A signal-to-noise ratio value of 35 dB was obtained at 100 mW pump power. By using a balanced twin-detector method, the modulation depth and saturation intensity of the Ag nanoparticle thin film were measured to be 31.6% and 0.54 MW cm−2 respectively. This result offers another alternative to the existing SA materials.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1054-660X/26/9/095103/pdf

C.S.J. Lee

Papers

C-Band Q-Switched Fiber Laser Using Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) As Saturable Absorber

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as saturable absorber in passively Q-switched fiber laser

Passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser at C-band region based on WS₂ saturable absorber

Tunable Q-switched fiber laser using zinc oxide nanoparticles as a saturable absorber

Silver nanoparticle-film based saturable absorber for passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) in ring cavity configuration