Showing papers by "Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins published in 2017"
TL;DR: The results suggest that E. klotzschiana, a Brazilian plant, provide initial evidence of a new and alternative source of substances with medicinal interest as well as moderate to high antioxidant activity.
Abstract: Many essential oils (EOs) of different plant species possess interesting antimicrobial effects on buccal bacteria and antioxidant properties. Eugenia klotzschiana Berg (pera-do-cerrado, in Portuguese) is a species of Myrtaceae with restricted distribution in the Cerrado. The essential oils were extracted through the hydrodistillation technique using a modified Clevenger apparatus (2 hours) and chemically characterized by GC-MS. The major compounds were α-copaene (10.6 %) found in oil from leaves in natura, β-bisabolene (17.4 %) in the essential oil from dry leaves and α-(E)-bergamotene (29.9 %) in oil from flowers. The antioxidant activity of essential oils showed similarities in both methods under analysis (DPPH and ABTS˙+) and the results suggested moderate to high antioxidant activity. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), using the microdilution method. MIC values below 400 µg/mL were obtained against Streptococcus salivarius (200 µg/mL), S. mutans (50 µg/mL), S. mitis (200 µg/mL) and Prevotella nigrescens (50 µg/mL). This is the first report of the chemical composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of E. klotzschiana. These results suggest that E. klotzschiana, a Brazilian plant, provide initial evidence of a new and alternative source of substances with medicinal interest.
39 citations
TL;DR: The in vitro schistosomicidal effects of DA‐EO on Schistosoma mansoni worms and its cytotoxicity to GM07492‐A cells in vitro demonstrate the promising schistOSomicidal potential of the essential oil of Dysphania ambrosioides.
Abstract: We have investigated the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Chenopodiaceae) (DA-EO) against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria. We have also assessed the in vitro schistosomicidal effects of DA-EO on Schistosoma mansoni and its cytotoxicity to GM07492-A cells in vitro. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that the monoterpenes cis-piperitone oxide (35.2%), p-cymene (14.5%) isoascaridole (14.1%), and α-terpinene (11.6%) were identified by as the major constituents of DA-EO. DA-EO displayed weak activity against Streptococcus sobrinus and Enterococcus faecalis (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1000 μg/mL). On the other hand, DA-EO at 25 and 12.5 μg/mL presented remarkable schistosomicidal action in vitro and killed 100% of adult worm pairs within 24 and 72 h, respectively. The LC50 values of DA-EO were 6.50 ± 0.38, 3.66 ± 1.06, and 3.65 ± 0.76 μg/mL at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. However, DA-EO at concentrations higher than 312.5 μg/mL significantly reduced the viability of GM07492-A cells (IC50 = 207.1 ± 4.4 μg/mL). The selectivity index showed that DA-EO was 31.8 times more toxic to the adult S. mansoni worms than GM07492-A cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate the promising schistosomicidal potential of the essential oil of Dysphania ambrosioides.
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30 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that M. glomerata extract and its major compound ent-kaurenoic acid (KA) showed in vitro antibacterial activity, the latter being a potential biofilm inhibitory agent.
30 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Artemisia absinthium L. leaves AA EO collected in Brazil against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria revealed that camphor 1, 19.0 %, E-caryophyllene 2, 9.3 %, eucalyptol 3, 6.8 %, germacrene D 6.7 %, and α-cadinol 6.5 % were the major chemical constituents
Abstract: This study reports on the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Artemisia absinthium L. leaves AA EO collected in Brazil against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs were determined by the broth dilution method in 96-well microplates. AA EO was inactive against most of the investigated oral pathogens, but it displayed moderate activity against Streptococcus mutans MIC = 250 μg/mL and very promising activity against Streptococcus mitis MIC = 62.5 μg/mL. Gas chromatography GC FID and gas chromatography mass spectrometry GC-MS revealed that camphor 1, 19.0 %, E-caryophyllene 2, 9.3 %, eucalyptol 3, 6.8 %, germacrene D 6.7 %, and α-cadinol 6.5 % were the major chemical constituents of AA EO. However, when tested alone, compounds 1, 2, and 3 were inactive MIC > 1000 μg/mL against all the studied microorganisms.
24 citations
TL;DR: The antimicrobial activity showed that the ethyl acetate extract and butanol fraction presented greater activity against Streptococcus mutans and StrePTococcus mitis, and the strain Enteroccocus faecalis, the hydroethanolic extract and aqueous fraction were most promising samples, which encourages the continuation of studies, aiming at the development of cosmetics or toothpaste.
Abstract: Azadirachta indica A. Juss, known as neem (Meliacea family), has insecticide and pesticide properties, and many studies have shown their efficacy as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, among others. Studies for the development of drugs from plants are rising due to several factors such as bacterial resistance, indiscriminate use and the adverse reactions of antibiotics. In this study, phytochemical triage and thin layer chromatography analysis were performed, with similar results as the presence of flavonoids, tannins and terpenes. The antimicrobial activity showed that the ethyl acetate extract and butanol fraction presented greater activity against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis presenting a MIC = 50 µg/ml for these strains, and the strain Enteroccocus faecalis, the hydroethanolic extract and aqueous fraction were most promising samples with a MIC = 50 µg/ml and MIC = 25 µg/ml, respectively. Therefore, it encourages the continuation of studies, aiming at the development of cosmetics or toothpaste.
Key words: Antimicrobial activity, Azadirachta indica, minimum inhibitory concentration, oral strains, phytochemistry.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the antimicrobial potential of extracts of bark and leaves of Cassia bakeriana Craib, Fabaceae, against aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria was evaluated by the microdilution broth method.
Abstract: The antimicrobial potential of extracts of bark and leaves of Cassia bakeriana Craib, Fabaceae, against aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria was evaluated by the microdilution broth method. For crude ethanol extracts and organic fractions tested, the bark dichloromethane phase showed a significant antibacterial effect, with MIC values ranging from 12.5 to 100 μg/ml for most of the microorganisms tested. Thus, a bioassay-guided fractionation of this fraction was performed. This fractionation led to isolation of the 1,8-dihydroxy-anthraquinone-3-carboxylic acid, also known as cassic acid or rhein. It is the first time that this bioactive anthraquinone has been isolated from this plant. Rhein exhibited good selectivity and high activity against anaerobic microorganisms, with MIC values ranging between 3.12 μg/ml (11.0 μM) and 25 μg/ml (88.0 μM). These results were considered very promising since the most active samples and rhein showed greater selectivity against oral microorganisms than toxicity to Vero cells.
19 citations
TL;DR: This chapter presents and discusses the main botanical sources and chemical aspects of the diterpenes, as well as recent findings on their antibacterial potential.
Abstract: Diterpenoids are a large and structurally diverse class of natural products derived from four C5 isoprene units joined in a head-tail fashion. They are found mainly in plants and fungi, although they have also been found in marine organisms and insects. They are biosynthesized from mevalonic acid through 2E, 6E, 10E-geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Invariably, a trivial name based on the biological source material is assigned to a new diterpene. However, it has been suggested that, wherever possible, semisystematic names based on a few parent structures may be used. In this sense, the more general categories based on the number of rings of the diterpene carbon skeletons is subdivided into various others, according to their skeletal types. Diterpenes possess a wide spectrum of important biological activities such as antiparasitary, cardiovascular, antiinflammatory, phytotoxic, anticancer, and others. Among all these activities, many reports have extensively shown that several classes of diterpenoids exert significant antimicrobial effects. In recent years, our research group has demonstrated that ent-kaurane, ent-labdane, ent-pimarane, and ent-abietane type diterpenes are able to inhibit the growth of bacteria responsible for oral pathologies (like dental caries and endodontic infections) and of resistant bacteria that have emerged from the widespread use of antibiotics. This chapter presents and discusses the main botanical sources and chemical aspects of the diterpenes, as well as recent findings on their antibacterial potential.
18 citations
TL;DR: The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Vitex agnus-castus leaves collected in the North of Brazil against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria were investigated and VAC-EO displayed some activity against all the investigated oral pathogens.
Abstract: Abnormal multiplication of oral bacteria causes dental caries and dental plaque. These diseases continue to be major public health concerns worldwide, mainly in developing countries. In this study, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Vitex agnus-castus leaves (VAC‒EO) collected in the North of Brazil against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of VAC-EO was evaluated in terms of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by using the broth microdilution method in 96-well microplates. The chemical constituents of VAC-EO were identified by gas chromatography (GC‒FID) and gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS). VAC‒EO displayed some activity against all the investigated oral pathogens; MIC values ranged from 15.6 to 200 μg/mL. VAC-EO had promising activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC= 15.6 μg/mL), Lactobacillus casei (MIC= 15.6 μg/mL), and Streptococcus mitis (MIC= 31.2 μg/mL). The compounds 1,8-cineole (23.8%), (E)-β-farnesene (14.6%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.5%), sabinene (11.4%), and α-terpinyl acetate (7.7%) were the major chemical constituents of VAC‒EO. VAC-EO displays antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. The efficacy of VAC-EO against S. mutans is noteworthy and should be further investigated.
15 citations
TL;DR: The first report of anticariogenic and antimycobacterial activities of essential oil of S. guianensis is reported, implying that the plant may be a new alternative source of substances of medicinal interest.
Abstract: Siparuna guianensis is a Brazilian plant with extensive ethnobotanical indication and identified as one of the priority species that should be preserved in the Brazilian Cerrado. This work aimed to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial effects of the essential oil from leaves of S. guianensis (SG-EO) grown in southeastern Brazil against a representative panel of oral pathogens and mycobacteria. Anticariogenic and antimycobacterial activities of SG-EO were evaluated in terms of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The essential oil from leaves of S. guianensis was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty one compounds were identified, accounting for 92.7 % of the SG-EO composition. E,E-farnesol (18.0 %), β-myrcene (16.0 %), germacrene-D (10.0 %) and siparunone (14.6 %) were the major SG-EO constituents. SG-EO showed the strongest anticariogenic activity against the aerobic bacterium Streptococcus mutans (MIC of 50 µg/mL). SG-EO was also evaluated for its antimycobacterial activity, and showed MIC values of 250 µg/mL against Mycobacterium avium and 500 µg/mL against M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii. These results imply that S. guianensis may be a new alternative source of substances of medicinal interest. This is the first report of anticariogenic and antimycobacterial activities of essential oil of S. guianensis . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v0i0.930
14 citations
TL;DR: Evidence available in the literature indexed in PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, and SciELO between 1986 and 2016 was analyzed to identify the presence of different degrees of right to the city and right to health in the formulation of policies and in social movement agendas.
Abstract: Resumo O direito a saude se interconecta com o direito a cidade na medida em que, ao se garantir espacos urbanos saudaveis para a populacao, garante-se tambem a reducao de iniquidades e a expansao do usufruto dos efeitos positivos da urbanizacao a grupos postergados e desfavorecidos. A interconexao entre o direito a cidade e o direito a saude e hipotetizado como propulsor necessario a promocao da equidade. Este artigo busca explorar esta interconexao entre o direito a cidade e o direito a saude, ancorado em uma revisao integrativa, norteada pela questao: Qual o conhecimento produzido sobre o direito a cidade e o direito a saude a luz da equidade? Analisaram-se evidencias disponiveis na literatura indexadas no PubMed/Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, entre 1986 e 2016. Foram identificados nas tres decadas analisadas distintos niveis de presenca do direito a cidade e do direito a saude na formulacao de politicas e na agenda de revindicacoes dos movimentos sociais. Formulacoes em torno do crescimento populacional afastam da agenda os direitos, enquanto numa fase posterior o adensamento democratico revitaliza a luta pelos direitos a saude. Num terceiro momento de visibilizacao politica dos espacos geograficos excluidos e das agendas identitarias, entra forte no jogo a luta pelo direito de todos e todas a cidade.
11 citations
TL;DR: This study aimed to broaden listening methods to facilitate dialogue with people in situations of physical frailty and removal from their work activities, using Photovoice, a participatory research-action method, as a tool and Health Promotion's theoretical framework.
Abstract: Resumo A partir de observacoes no campo da Promocao da Saude, junto a pacientes de um Centro de Reabilitacao no interior de Sao Paulo, notou-se que eles apresentam dificuldades em lidar com as limitacoes fisicas adquiridas quando estas os incapacitavam para o trabalho. Objetivou-se ampliar os modos de escuta para facilitar o dialogo com pessoas em situacoes de debilidade fisica e afastadas de suas atividades laborais, utilizando o Photovoice, metodo de pesquisa-acao participativa, como ferramenta e o referencial teorico da Promocao da Saude. As imagens captadas e os relatos que as acompanharam consistiram no material deste estudo. Duas categorias tematicas se sobressairam: a decisao pericial e a condicao fisica (vaidade, poder e esperanca). A atividade laboral e percebida como determinante da insercao do individuo em seu meio, alem de definir seu papel na familia e no campo social. Diante da incapacidade, percebem-se sem identidade, vulneraveis e sem perspectivas futuras de reinsercao social. Observase um processo de desajuste individual, familiar, mas sem visibilidade social e com consequencias negativas para a saude global. O Photovoice se mostrou efetivo na apreensao das percepcoes e no estimulo para o debate, fornecendo subsidios essenciais para a Promocao da Equidade em grupos em desvantagem social.
TL;DR: The several fungal species detected herein represent a potential risk especially to immunocompromised patients undergoing dental treatment, and frequent microbiological monitoring of the water employed in dental equipment is crucial to reduce the presence of contaminants.
Abstract: Fungi can cause various diseases, and some pathogenic fungi have been detected in the water of dental equipment. This environment offers suitable conditions for fungal biofilms to emerge, which can facilitate mycological contamination. This study verified whether the water employed in the dental units of two dental clinics at the University of Franca was contaminated with fungi. This study also evaluated the ability of the detected fungi to form biofilms. The high-revving engine contained the largest average amount of fungi, 14.93 ± 18.18 CFU/mL. The main fungal species verified in this equipment belonged to the genera Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Candida spp., and Rhodotorula spp. Among the isolated filamentous fungi, only one fungus of the genus Fusarium spp. did not form biofilms. As for yeasts, all the Candida spp. isolates grew as biofilm, but none of the Rhodotorula spp. isolates demonstrated this ability. Given that professionals and patients are often exposed to water and aerosols generated by the dental procedure, the several fungal species detected herein represent a potential risk especially to immunocompromised patients undergoing dental treatment. Therefore, frequent microbiological monitoring of the water employed in dental equipment is crucial to reduce the presence of contaminants.
TL;DR: Dental caries and other periodontal diseases are a major public health concern that affects the populations of many countries worldwide and are associated with acidogenic and aciduric bacteria that adhere to the tooth surface as a structurally and functionally organized biofilm (dental plaque).
Abstract: Dental caries and other periodontal diseases are a major public health concern that affects the populations of many countries worldwide [1]. These pathologies are associated with acidogenic and aciduric bacteria that adhere to the tooth surface as a structurally and functionally organized biofilm (dental plaque) and can destroy dental hard tissues [2]. These bacteria can reach the bloodstream and trigger other diseases such as endocarditis, brain abscesses, throat infections, respiratory and gastrointestinal system infections, and bacteraemia [3,4].
TL;DR: A set of seven diterpenes, three kauranes and four trachylobanes, isolated from the African plant Psiadia punctulata were assayed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and reached activity comparable with cycloserine, a second line drug used to treat tuberculosis.
Abstract: A set of seven diterpenes, three kauranes and four trachylobanes, isolated from the African plant Psiadia punctulata were assayed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and reached activity comparable with cycloserine, a second line drug used to treat tuberculosis (TB). Several structural properties of those diterpenes, such as lipophilicity, HOMO and LUMO energies, charge density, and intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) formation, were obtained by theoretical calculations and compared with their activities. Peculiar correlations were observed, especially between activity, lipophilicity and IHB formation.