Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013. A recent publication by Honsanan et al. in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications. In this paper, we provide a refined updated document on orders and families incertae sedis of Dothideomycetes. Each family is provided with an updated description, notes, including figures to represent the morphology, a list of accepted genera, and economic and ecological significances. We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order. In this study, 31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as orders incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes, and 41 families are treated as families incertae sedis due to lack of molecular or morphological evidence. The new order, Catinellales, and four new families, Catinellaceae, Morenoinaceae Neobuelliellaceae and Thyrinulaceae are introduced. Seven genera (Neobuelliella, Pseudomicrothyrium, Flagellostrigula, Swinscowia, Macroconstrictolumina, Pseudobogoriella, and Schummia) are introduced. Seven new species (Acrospermum urticae, Bogoriella complexoluminata, Dothiorella ostryae, Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus, Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis, Patellaria microspora, and Pseudomicrothyrium thailandicum) are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny, together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families. Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.

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Refined families of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes

This article provides descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the leaf litter of Celtis formosana, Ficus ampelas, F. septica, Macaranga tanarius and Morus australis collected from Taiwan. These host species are native to the island and Celtis formosana is an endemic tree species. The study revealed 95 species, consisting of two new families (Cylindrohyalosporaceae and Oblongohyalosporaceae), three new genera (Cylindrohyalospora, Neodictyosporium and Oblongohyalospora), 41 new species and 54 new host records. The newly described species are Acrocalymma ampeli (Acrocalymmaceae), Arthrinium mori (Apiosporaceae), Arxiella celtidis (Muyocopronaceae), Bertiella fici (Melanommataceae), Cercophora fici (Lasiosphaeriaceae), Colletotrichum celtidis, C. fici, C. fici-septicae (Glomerellaceae), Conidiocarpus fici-septicae (Capnodiaceae), Coniella fici (Schizoparmaceae), Cylindrohyalospora fici (Cylindrohyalosporaceae), Diaporthe celtidis, D. fici-septicae (Diaporthaceae), Diaporthosporella macarangae (Diaporthosporellaceae), Diplodia fici-septicae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Discosia celtidis, D. fici (Sporocadaceae), Leptodiscella sexualis (Muyocopronaceae), Leptospora macarangae (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella alishanensis, M. celtidis, M. mori (Stachybotryaceae), Micropeltis fici, M. ficina (Micropeltidaceae), Microthyrium fici-septicae (Microthyriaceae), Muyocopron celtidis, M. ficinum, Mycoleptodiscus alishanensis (Muyocopronaceae), Neoanthostomella fici (Xylariales genera incertae sedis), Neodictyosporium macarangae (Sordariales genera incertae sedis), Neofusicoccum moracearum (Botryosphaeriaceae), Neophyllachora fici (Phyllachoraceae), Nigrospora macarangae (Apiosporaceae), Oblongohyalospora macarangae (Oblongohyalosporaceae), Ophioceras ficinum (Ophioceraceae), Parawiesneriomyces chiayiensis (Wiesneriomycetaceae), Periconia alishanica, P. celtidis (Periconiaceae), Pseudocercospora fici-septicae (Mycosphaerellaceae), Pseudoneottiospora cannabacearum (Chaetosphaeriaceae) and Pseudopithomyces mori (Didymosphaeriaceae). The new host records are Alternaria burnsii, A. pseudoeichhorniae (Pleosporaceae), Arthrinium hydei, A. malaysianum, A. paraphaeospermum, A. rasikravindrae, A. sacchari (Apiosporaceae), Bartalinia robillardoides (Sporocadaceae), Beltrania rhombica (Beltraniaceae), Cladosporium tenuissimum (Cladosporiaceae), Coniella quercicola (Schizoparmaceae), Dematiocladium celtidicola (Nectriaceae), Diaporthe limonicola, D. millettiae, D. pseudophoenicicola (Diaporthaceae), Dictyocheirospora garethjonesii (Dictyosporiaceae), Dimorphiseta acuta (Stachybotryaceae), Dinemasporium parastrigosum (Chaetosphaeriaceae), Discosia querci (Sporocadaceae), Fitzroyomyces cyperacearum (Stictidaceae), Gilmaniella bambusae (Ascomycota genera incertae sedis), Hermatomyces biconisporus (Hermatomycetaceae), Lasiodiplodia thailandica, L. theobromae (Botryosphaeriaceae), Memnoniella echinata (Stachybotryaceae), Muyocopron dipterocarpi, M. lithocarpi (Muyocopronaceae), Neopestalotiopsis asiatica, N. phangngaensis (Sporocadaceae), Ophioceras chiangdaoense (Ophioceraceae), Periconia byssoides (Periconiaceae), Pestalotiopsis dracaenea, P. formosana, P. neolitseae, P. papuana, P. parva, P. portugallica, P. trachycarpicola (Sporocadaceae), Phragmocapnias betle (Capnodiaceae), Phyllosticta capitalensis (Phyllostictaceae), Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis (Sporocadaceae), Pseudopithomyces chartarum, P. sacchari (Didymosphaeriaceae), Pseudorobillarda phragmitis (Pseudorobillardaceae), Robillarda roystoneae (Sporocadaceae), Sirastachys castanedae, S. pandanicola (Stachybotryaceae), 
Spegazzinia musae (Didymosphaeriaceae), Stachybotrys aloeticola, S. microspora (Stachybotryaceae), Strigula multiformis (Strigulaceae), Torula fici (Torulaceae), Wiesneriomyces laurinus (Wiesneriomycetaceae) and Yunnanomyces pandanicola (Sympoventuriaceae). The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on morphological observation of specimens, coupled with multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of sequence data. In addition, this study provides a host-fungus database for future studies and increases knowledge of fungal diversity, as well as new fungal discoveries from the island.

Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to Celtis formosana, Ficus ampelas, F. septica, Macaranga tanarius and Morus australis leaf litter inhabiting microfungi

The species is one of the basic units of biological classification. Both species concepts and recognition are essential topics in taxonomic studies and other biological research. In the first part of this review, we briefly discuss the taxonomic history of the class Dothideomycetes. In the second part of the paper, we review four commonly used species concepts, focusing on morphological, ecological, biological and phylogenetic criteria and their applicability in the taxonomy of Dothideomycetes. The application and utility of the four criteria is discussed with examples in the genera Ascochyta, Cercospora and Neofusicoccum. Some problems and challenges of studying Dothideomycetes are analyzed and basic guidelines for classifying species under the above criteria are provided.

Species concepts of Dothideomycetes: classification, phylogenetic inconsistencies and taxonomic standardization

Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi from New Guinea

We present a nomenclatural and taxonomic update of the Catalogo de Liquenes de Colombia. As a result,  he number of reported names is reduced from 1821 to 1793, the total of accepted taxa from 1732 to 1675, and the number of species from 1672 to 1634. The number of doubtful or excluded reports, which includes names with unresolved nomenclatural or taxonomic status, increases from 80 to 109. The number of genera reported for Colombia increases from 272 to 306; 29 previously reported genera are excluded, and 63 genera not reported previously are included. The update reduces the total of families from 73 to 69; it results in the elimination of 13 families and the addition of 9 previously unreported families. We include three new records for Colombia: Caloplaca granularis  Mull.Arg.) Zahlbr., Haematomma persoonii (Fee) A. Massal., and Ochrolechia subpallescens Verseghy. Furthermore, we confirm the presence of the following species: Physcia crispula Mull. Arg., Pseudocyphellaria citrina (Gyeln.) Lucking, Moncada & S. Stenroos, Pseudocyphellaria sandwicensis (Zahlbr.) Moncada & Lucking, Pseudocyphellaria xanthosticta (Pers.) Moncada & Lucking, Sticta sylvatica (Huds.) Ach., Usnea crenulata Truong & P. Clerc, and Usnea mexicana Vain. We also introduce 16 nomenclatural novelties: Ancistrosporella gracilior  Nyl.) Lucking comb. nov. (bas.: Opegrapha gracilior Nyl.); Bacidia neofusconigrescens Lucking nom. nov.(replaced syn.: Lecidea millegrana var. fusconigrescens Nyl.) [non Bacidia fusconigrescens (Kremp.) Zahlbr.]; Diploschistes bartlettii (Lumbsch) Lucking comb. et stat. nov. (bas.: Diploschistes muscorum subsp. bartlettii Lumbsch); Gymnographopsis koreaiensis (Sipman) Lucking & Sipman comb. nov. (bas.:  Graphis koreaiensis Sipman); Imshaugia angustior (Nyl.) Sipman (bas.: Parmelia angustior Nyl.); Kalbographa cabbalistica (Nyl.) Lucking comb. nov. (bas.: Graphis cabbalistica Nyl.; new syn.: Graphina caracasana Mull.Arg.); Leptogium pseudolivaceum Lucking nom. nov. (replaced syn.: Collema olivaceum Hook.) [nom. illeg., non Leptogium olivaceum F. Wilson]; Malmidea demutans (Nyl.) Lucking comb. nov. (bas.: Lecidea demutans Nyl.); Ocellularia leucocarpoides (Nyl.) Lucking comb. nov. (bas.: Thelotrema leucocarpoides Nyl.; new syn.: Ocellularia fuscospora Lucking & Perez-Ort.); Phaeographis decolorascens (Nyl.) Lucking comb. nov. (bas.: Graphis decolorascens Nyl.); Phlyctis endecamera (Nyl.) Lucking & Sipman comb. nov. (bas.: Platygrapha endecamera Nyl.); Sprucidea fuscula (Nyl.) Lucking comb. nov. (bas.: Lecidea fuscula Nyl.); Sticta rudiuscula (Vain.) Moncada & Lucking comb. et stat. nov. (bas.: Sticta damicornis f. rudiuscula Vain.); Sticta subdenudata Moncada & Lucking nom. nov. (replaced syn.: Sticta laciniata var. denudata Nyl.) [non Sticta denudata Taylor]; Thalloloma scribillans (Nyl.) Lucking comb. nov. (bas.: Graphis scribillans Nyl.; new syn.: Graphis anguiniformis Vain.); and Yoshimuriella denudata (Taylor) Moncada & Lucking comb. nov. (bas.: Sticta denudata Taylor).

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Actualización nomenclatural y taxonómica del Catálogo de Líquenes de Colombia

Strigula sensu lato has been previously defined based on phenotype characters as a rather broad genus including tropical to temperate species growing on a wide array of substrata. In this study, based on a multilocus phylogenetic approach, we show that foliicolous species form six well-delimited clades that correlate with diagnostic phenotype features, including thallus morphology, carbonization of the involucrellum and excipulum, ascospore dimensions, and type of macroconidia. Given the topology, with five of the six clades emerging on long stem branches, and the strong phenotypical differentiation between the clades, we recognize these at the genus level, making mostly use of previously established genus names. Four genera, namely Phylloporis, Puiggariella, Raciborskiella, and Racoplaca, are resurrected for the S. phyllogena, S. nemathora, S. janeirensis, and S. subtilissima groups, respectively, whereas one new genus, Serusiauxiella gen. nov., is introduced for a novel lineage with peculiar macroconidia. The only sequenced non-foliicolous species, S. jamesii, is not closely related to these six foliicolous lineages but clusters with Flavobathelium and Phyllobathelium, revealing it as an additional undescribed genus-level lineage being treated elsewhere. Within the new genus Serusiauxiella, three new species are described: Serusiauxiella filifera sp. nov., S. flagellata sp. nov., and S. sinensis sp. nov. In addition, ten new combinations are proposed: Phylloporis austropunctata comb. nov., P. radiata comb. nov., P. vulgaris comb. nov., Puiggariella confluens comb. et stat. nov., P. nemathora comb. nov., P. nigrocincta comb. nov., Racoplaca maculata comb. nov., R. melanobapha comb. nov., R. transversoundulata, and R. tremens comb. nov. We also report on a peculiar, previously unrecognized growth behaviour of the macroconidial appendages in Strigula s.lat.

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Carlos Viñas Portilla

Papers

Reallocation of foliicolous species of the genus Strigula into six genera (lichenized Ascomycota , Dothideomycetes , Strigulaceae )