J. Appl. Cryst.の発刊に際して

to be done in this area. Face recognition is a problem that scarcely clamoured for attention before the computer age but, having surfaced, has involved a wide range of techniques and has attracted the attention of some fine minds (David Mumford was a Fields Medallist in 1974). This singular application of mathematical modelling to a messy applied problem of obvious utility and importance but with no unique solution is a pretty one to share with students: perhaps, returning to the source of our opening quotation, we may invert Duncan's earlier observation, 'There is an art to find the mind's construction in the face!'.

Linear and nonlinear waves, by G. B. Whitham. Pp.636. £50. 1999. ISBN 0 471 35942 4 (Wiley).

Light-Emitting Diodes. (Monographs in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.) By A. A. Bergh and P. J. Dean. Pp. viii+591. (Clarendon: Oxford; Oxford University: London, 1976.) £22.

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Light-emitting diodes

The main purpos e of this chapter is to present a direct and systematic way of finding exact solutions and Backlund transformations of a certain class of nonlinear evolution equations. The nonlinear evolution equations are transformed, by changing the dependent variable(s), into bilinear differential equations of the following special form 
 
$$ F\left( {\frac{\partial }{{\partial t}} - \frac{\partial }{{\partial {t^1}}},\frac{\partial }{{\partial x}} - \frac{\partial }{{\partial {x^1}}}} \right)f(t,x)f({t^1},{x^1}){|_{t = {t^1},x = {x^1}}} = 0 $$ 
 
, which we solve exactly using a kind of perturbational approach.

Direct Methods in Soliton Theory (非線形現象の取扱いとその物理的課題に関する研究会報告)

The development of clean and renewable energy materials as alternatives to fossil fuels is foreseen as a potential solution to the crucial problems of environmental pollution and energy shortages. Hydrogen is an ideal energy material for the future, and water splitting using solar/electrical energy is one way to generate hydrogen. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials with unique properties that have received rapidly growing attention in recent years for applications in water splitting due to their remarkable design flexibility, ultra-large surface-to-volume ratios and tunable pore channels. This review focuses on recent progress in the application of MOFs in electrocatalytic and photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation, including both oxygen and hydrogen evolution. It starts with the fundamentals of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic water splitting and the related factors to determine the catalytic activity. The recent progress in the exploitation of MOFs for water splitting is then summarized, and strategies for designing MOF-based catalysts for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic water splitting are presented. Finally, major challenges in the field of water splitting are highlighted, and some perspectives of MOF-based catalysts for water splitting are proposed.

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Recent Progress in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Applications in Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Water Splitting.

En la busqueda de una pelicula polimerica con optimas propiedades antiempanantes se selecciono como matriz polimerica polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE), a la cual se incorporaron por extrusion uno de los siguientes aditivos: polisorbato 80, oleato de sorbitan, monooleato de glicerol y mezcla de gliceridos, cada uno a 3 concentraciones. Para evaluar la eficiencia antiempanante de los empaques se realizaron medidas de tension superficial, angulos de contacto, medidas de transmision de luz y pruebas cualitativas de empanamiento en frio. Los resultados sugieren que la pelicula con mejores propiedades antiempanantes es la que contiene oleato de sorbitan al 1%.

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Desarrollo de una película polimèrica con propiedades antiempañantes

New exact solutions for a generalization of the Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV6)

Synthesis of novel phenylenevinylene linkers with electron-donating substituents by the Heck reaction

Exploring the nitro group reduction in low-solubility oligo-phenylenevinylene systems: Rapid synthesis of amino derivatives

Ammonium nitrate fuel oil is an explosive mixture found in most antipersonnel landmines (APL) buried throughout the Colombian territory. During more than 50 years of internal conflict, the Colombian government has found that trained dogs are the most effective method to detect APL. However, the olfactive signature in ANFO is unknown and also if there are differences in detection related to the explosive manufacturing origin. Therefore, this work begins with the analytical validation of the method used to determine ammonia, in its derivatized form as carbamate, released by home-made ANFO using HS-SPME-GC-FID. Once validated, the method was used to identify ammonia and other organic volatile compounds present in ANFO, under laboratory and simulated field conditions. The validation process includes the evaluation of the optimum conditions for the derivation and extraction of butylcarbamate, the determination of the working ranges with linear response in FID, the limits of detection and quantification, the sensitivity, and the precision. The results of the validation established linearity and sensitivity in a concentration between 20 and 120 mg/L, as well as low limits of detection and quantification of 6.4 and 21.4 mg/L, respectively. Also, an intermediate precision of 11% for butylcarbamate with a repeatability of 8%. The validated method showed in real samples of home-made ANFO besides ammonia, the presence of low molecular methylamines, and also exhibited differences in volatile compositions according to the origin. The objective of this work is to offer a reliable analytical methodology for the extraction and analysis of volatile compounds from ANFO.

Cesar A. Sierra

Papers

Desarrollo de una película polimèrica con propiedades antiempañantes

New exact solutions for a generalization of the Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV6)

Synthesis of novel phenylenevinylene linkers with electron-donating substituents by the Heck reaction

Exploring the nitro group reduction in low-solubility oligo-phenylenevinylene systems: Rapid synthesis of amino derivatives

Volatile Organic Compounds, Spectral Characterization and Morphology of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) Samples