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Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

This review focuses on classifying different types of long wavelength absorbing BODIPY dyes based on the wide range of structural modification methods that have been adopted, and on tabulating their spectral and photophysical properties. The structure–property relationships are analyzed in depth with reference to molecular modeling calculations, so that the effectiveness of the different structural modification strategies for shifting the main BODIPY spectral bands to longer wavelengths can be readily compared, along with their effects on the fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) values. This should facilitate the future rational design of red/NIR region BODIPY dyes for a wide range of different applications.

Structural modification strategies for the rational design of red/NIR region BODIPYs

Fluorescence imaging techniques have been widely used to visualize biological molecules and phenomena. In particular, several studies on the development of small-molecule fluorescent probes have been carried out, because their fluorescence properties can be easily tuned by synthetic chemical modification. For this reason, various fluorescent probes have been developed for targeting biological components, such as proteins, peptides, amino acids, and ions, to the interior and exterior of cells. In this review, we cover advances in the development of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based fluorescent probes for biological studies over the past decade.

BODIPY-based probes for the fluorescence imaging of biomolecules in living cells

Far-red and near infrared (NIR) emissive dyes have advantages in the development of fluorescent probes and labelling for bio-imaging in living systems since fluorescence in the long-wavelength region would generate minimum photo-toxicity to biological components, deep tissue penetration and minimal background from auto-fluorescence by bio-molecules. BODIPY dyes are attractive due to their excellent photo-physical properties and potential for fluorescence-based sensing and bio-imaging applications. Thus, numerous research papers have emerged to develop BODIPY-based dyes with absorption and emission in the long-wavelength spectral region (650–900 nm). This review summarizes the general strategies to obtain far-red and NIR BODIPYs. Moreover, their applications for fluorescent pH probes and imaging or labelling in living systems are highlighted.

Far-red and near infrared BODIPY dyes: synthesis and applications for fluorescent pH probes and bio-imaging

http://ir.qibebt.ac.cn/bitstream/337004/6189/1/Evaluation%20of%20the%20potential%20of%209%20Nannochloropsis%20strains%20for%20biodiesel%20production.pdf

Evaluation of the potential of 9 Nannochloropsis strains for biodiesel production.

A series of β-formyl-BODIPYs 2 were synthesized in high yields from tetramethyl-BODIPYs 1 via the Vilsmeier−Haack reaction and were further functionalized using a Knoevenagel condensation to generate novel BODIPYs 3 and 4.

β-Formyl-BODIPYs from the Vilsmeier−Haack Reaction

Highly fluorescent BF2 complexes of hydrazine-Schiff base linked bispyrrole.

https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/c2/c2cc30915g/c2cc30915g.pdf

Modulating the singlet oxygen generation property of meso–β directly linked BODIPY dimers

A series of asymmetrical benzo-fused BODIPY dyes were synthesized from the Sonogashira coupling and nucleophilic substitution reactions on the 3-halogenated benzo-fused BODIPY, generated from readily available 3-halogeno-1-formylisoindoles in a two-step synthetic procedure. This novel BODIPY platform provides an easy path for the linking of BODIPY fluorophore to various desired functionalities as demonstrated in this work. Most of the resulting BODIPY dyes show long-wavelength absorption and fluorescence emission, with good fluorescence quantum yields and long fluorescence lifetimes.

Changjiang Yu

Papers

Evaluation of the potential of 9 Nannochloropsis strains for biodiesel production.

β-Formyl-BODIPYs from the Vilsmeier−Haack Reaction

Highly fluorescent BF2 complexes of hydrazine-Schiff base linked bispyrrole.

Modulating the singlet oxygen generation property of meso–β directly linked BODIPY dimers

Synthesis and Functionalization of Asymmetrical Benzo-Fused BODIPY Dyes