This paper describes the contents of the 2016 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2012 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is composed of five major components: the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, added line-shape formalisms, and validity. Moreover, molecules, isotopologues, and perturbing gases have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth. Of considerable note, experimental IR cross-sections for almost 300 additional molecules important in different areas of atmospheric science have been added to the database. The compilation can be accessed through www.hitran.org. Most of the HITRAN data have now been cast into an underlying relational database structure that offers many advantages over the long-standing sequential text-based structure. The new structure empowers the user in many ways. It enables the incorporation of an extended set of fundamental parameters per transition, sophisticated line-shape formalisms, easy user-defined output formats, and very convenient searching, filtering, and plotting of data. A powerful application programming interface making use of structured query language (SQL) features for higher-level applications of HITRAN is also provided.

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The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database

Statistics for Spatial Data.

▶ Addresses a wide range of timely environment, economic and energy topics ▶ A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales ▶ Contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed and promulgated ▶ 94% of authors who answered a survey reported that they would definitely publish or probably publish in the journal again

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

The Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy, CDMS: a useful tool for astronomers and spectroscopists

[i] An inventory of air pollutant emissions in Asia in the year 2000 is developed to support atmospheric modeling and analysis of observations taken during the TRACE-P experiment funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the ACE-Asia experiment funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Emissions are estimated for all major anthropogenic sources, including biomass burning, in 64 regions of Asia. We estimate total Asian emissions as follows: 34.3 Tg SO 2 , 26.8 Tg NO x , 9870 Tg CO 2 , 279 Tg CO, 107 Tg CH 4 , 52.2 Tg NMVOC, 2.54 Tg black carbon (BC), 10.4 Tg organic carbon (OC), and 27.5 Tg NH 3 . In addition, NMVOC are speciated into 19 subcategories according to functional groups and reactivity. Thus we are able to identify the major source regions and types for many of the significant gaseous and particle emissions that influence pollutant concentrations in the vicinity of the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia field measurements. Emissions in China dominate the signature of pollutant concentrations in this region, so special emphasis has been placed on the development of emission estimates for China. China's emissions are determined to be as follows: 20.4 Tg SO 2 , 11.4 Tg NO x , 3820 Tg CO 2 , 116 Tg CO, 38.4 Tg CH 4 , 17.4 Tg NMVOC, 1.05 Tg BC, 3.4 Tg OC, and 13.6 Tg NH 3 . Emissions are gridded at a variety of spatial resolutions from 1° × 1° to 30 s x 30 s, using the exact locations of large point sources and surrogate GIS distributions of urban and rural population, road networks, landcover, ship lanes, etc. The gridded emission estimates have been used as inputs to atmospheric simulation models and have proven to be generally robust in comparison with field observations, though there is reason to think that emissions of CO and possibly BC may be underestimated. Monthly emission estimates for China are developed for each species to aid TRACE-P and ACE-Asia data interpretation. During the observation period of March/ April, emissions are roughly at their average values (one twelfth of annual). Uncertainties in the emission estimates, measured as 95% confidence intervals, range from a low of ±16% for SO 2 to a high of ±450% for OC.

An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000 : NASA global tropospheric experiment transport and chemical evolution over the pacific (TRACE-P): Measurements and analysis (TRACEP1)

On Jan. 5, 2018, at the request of NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Committee on the Decadal Survey for Earth Science and Applications from Space (ESAS) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) Space Studies Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences released the 2017 Decadal Survey, “Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observations from Space” [1]. The 700-page document is the second such Earth sciences survey produced by NASEM. The first, “Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond,” was released in 2007. The 2018 study designated a global “Surface Biology and Geology” (SBG) investigation that would include both imaging spectroscopy and thermal infrared observations [1]. This suite of measurements would address a wide range of global science questions. Its themes include: flows of energy, carbon, water, and nutrients sustaining terrestrial and marine ecosystems; the variability of the land surface and the fluxes of water and energy; inventory of the world's volcanoes, and the composition and temperature of volcanic products immediately following eruptions; other natural hazards including wildfires; snow accumulation and melt; water balance from the headwaters to the continent; land and water use effects on evapotranspiration; functional traits and diversity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and vegetation; and more. Figure 1 shows example spectra from these surfaces, illustrating the enormous diversity of scene content that would be observed. Tables 1 and 2 show examples of the core and higher-level products that the SBG mission would produce.

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NASA's Surface Biology and Geology Concept Study: Status and Next Steps

CARVE-FTS is a near-IR Fourier-Transform Spectrometer (FTS) used by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the
Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE). CARVE is a 5-year mission of intensive aircraft
campaigns in the Alaskan Arctic selected as part of NASA’s Earth Ventures program (EV-1). The CARVE-FTS has
been designed, manufactured and tested by ABB Inc. The objective of this instrument is to provide integrated column
measurements of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and carbon monoxide (CO). The system is inspired from the TSUKUBA-FTS built by ABB for the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). JAXA uses the instrument for preparation, calibration and validation within the GOSAT program. The instrument is a Michelson based FTS with three spectral bands. The light modulator is a Michelson single pass type interferometer with large aperture and medium spectral resolution. It provides infrared spectra from 12,900 cm -1 to 13,200 cm -1 , from 5,800 cm -1 to 6,400 cm -1 , and from 4,200 cm -1 to 4,900 cm -1 . This instrument is also able to measure
the scene radiance with S and P polarization simultaneously using monopixel detectors. The instrument is mounted on a
damping platform and is installed in an aircraft. It delivers continuous data for flight campaigns over the Alaskan Arctic.
SNR higher than 100 is reached for each band and the measured ILS full width at half maximum is as low as 0.26 cm -1 at
6,566 cm -1 . We present the instrument design, its specification and test results obtained at ABB.

Charles E. Miller

Papers

NASA's Surface Biology and Geology Concept Study: Status and Next Steps

CARVE-FTS observations of arctic CO2, CH4, and CO: overview of the instrument

CARVE: The Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment

The Vulcan Project: Methods, results, and evaluation

Detecting and Quantifying Methane Emissions from Oil Refineries in California