Biologic and clinical significance of cryoglobulins. A report of 86 cases.

https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hep.22881

Hepatitis B: the virus and disease.

Objective. Based on a small clinical series and previously published case reports, concordance for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) among monozygous (MZ) twins has been reported to be as high as 69%. Using a larger and less biased sample, we provide another estimate of this percentage.



Methods. We established a registry of twins with SLE, based upon self-reports and information provided by the patients' physicians. We used DNA fingerprinting to validate the reported zygosity in a sample of these twins.



Results. Of 107 twin pairs meeting the American College of Rheumatology 1982 revised criteria for the diagnosis of SLE, 24% of 45 MZ pairs and 2% of 62 dizygous (DZ) pairs were concordant. The frequency distributions of diagnostic criteria and disease symptoms in the SLE patients were similar to those in other published reports of SLE patients. Zygosity was confirmed by DNA fingerprinting in a subsample of 15 self-described MZ twins and 7 self-described DZ twins. AH individuals had correctly predicted their zygosity.



Conclusion. MZ concordance for SLE is similar to that for other autoimmune diseases and is much lower than previously believed.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/art.1780350310

A revised estimate of twin concordance in systemic lupus erythematosus

A sensitivie and simple procedure for the detection and quantitation of soluble complement (C)- fixing immune complexes in sera of patients with various disease states has been developed by utilizing C receptors on Raji cells. These cells lack membrane-bound immunoglobulin but have receptors for IgG Fc, C3b, C3d, and possibly with other C proteins. Uptake experiments showed that both aggregated human gamma globulin (AHG) and 7S IgG bound to receptors for IgG Fc; however, AHG reacted with C bound to cells only via receptors for C and this binding was much more efficient than via IgG Fc receptors. AHG was used as an in vitro model of human immune complexes and its uptake by Raji cells was quantitated by 125I-radiolabeled antihuman IgG. The limit of sensitivity of this test was 6 mug AHG/ml serum. The ability of Raji cells to detect AHG in serum depended on the amount of radioactive antibody used and the size of aggregates. The presence of an excess of C somewhat inhibited binding of AHG containing C to Raji cells. The efficient binding of AHG by receptors for C on Raji cells was used for the detection and quantitation of immune complexes in human sera. Raji cells were incubated with sera to be tested and then reacted with excess radiolabeled antihuman IgG; the amount of radioactivity bound to the washed cells was determined and referred to a standard curve of radioactive antibody uptake by cells previously incubated with increasing amounts of AHG in serum. Thereby immune complexes were detected and quantitated in serum hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and malignancies.

/pdf/the-raji-cell-radioimmune-assay-for-detecting-immune-7f243uhdgp.pdf

The Raji cell radioimmune assay for detecting immune complexes in human sera.

Delineating the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Association between polyarteritis and australia antigen

https://www.amjmed.com/article/0002-9343(75)90261-2/pdf

CharlesL. Christian

Papers

Association between polyarteritis and australia antigen

Studies of twins with systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of the literature and presentation of 12 additional sets

Proceedings: Twin studies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Viruses and systemic lupus erythematosus