Showing papers by "Cheryl Koopman published in 1995"
TL;DR: During and immediately following a traumatic event, people may manifest a pattern of dissociative and anxiety symptoms and other reactions, referred to as Acute Stress Disorder, which is likely to constitute a psychological adaptation to a stressful event, limiting painful thoughts and feelings associated with the event and allowing the person to function at least minimally.
Abstract: During and immediately following a traumatic event, people may manifest a pattern of dissociative and anxiety symptoms and other reactions, referred to as Acute Stress Disorder. A review of the empirical literature on psychological reactions to trauma suggest that this pattern of symptoms has often been identified across different kinds of traumatic events. It is likely to constitute a psychological adaptation to a stressful event, limiting painful thoughts and feelings associated with the event and allowing the person to function at least minimally. Continuation of these symptoms, however, may impair the person's quality of life and disrupt social and other functioning. If symptoms last beyond a month following the traumatic event, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may ensue, continuing for months or even years after the precipitating event. Hence, it is important to be able to identify this pattern of reactions that may be manifested in reaction to trauma, so that appropriate intervention can be provided. Although it was not officially recognized in the 3rd edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III-R), Acute Stress Disorder is included as a separate diagnosis in the DSM-IV.
163 citations
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: The authors found that viewing the film, "JFK," significantly aroused anger and changed beliefs toward accepting the broad conspiracy hypothesis of multiple agents and agencies involved in the Kennedy assassination and its cover-up.
Abstract: Oliver Stone's controversial film, JFK induced an array of psychological sequelae in an educated, politically diverse audience seeing the film under natural circumstances. Fifty-three adults were surveyed as they entered a theater to see the film, while another 54 respondents answered the same questions as they exited from seeing the film. The film significantly aroused anger and changed beliefs toward accepting the broad conspiracy hypothesis of multiple agents and agencies involved in the Kennedy assassination and its cover-up. The film's impact on moods, beliefs, and judgments was found to be specific to the themes and persuasive message of the film and did not carry over to general political judgments or to perceptions of conspiracies in viewers' own lives, with one exception: viewing JFK was associated with a significant decrease in viewers' reported intentions to vote or make political contributions. A general helplessness effect is dproposed to account for the increase in feelings of anger and hopelessness and the decrease in intentions to vote or make political contributions
109 citations
TL;DR: This article found that viewing the film, "JFK," significantly aroused anger and changed beliefs toward accepting the broad conspiracy hypothesis of multiple agents and agencies involved in the Kennedy assassination and its cover-up.
Abstract: Oliver Stone's controversial film, JFK induced an array of psychological sequelae in an educated, politically diverse audience seeing the film under natural circumstances. Fifty-three adults were surveyed as they entered a theater to see the film, while another 54 respondents answered the same questions as they exited from seeing the film. The film significantly aroused anger and changed beliefs toward accepting the broad conspiracy hypothesis of multiple agents and agencies involved in the Kennedy assassination and its cover-up. The film's impact on moods, beliefs, and judgments was found to be specific to the themes and persuasive message of the film and did not carry over to general political judgments or to perceptions of conspiracies in viewers' own lives, with one exception: viewing JFK was associated with a significant decrease in viewers' reported intentions to vote or make political contributions. A general helplessness effect is dproposed to account for the increase in feelings of anger and hopelessness and the decrease in intentions to vote or make political contributions
103 citations
TL;DR: Protected and improved patterns of sexual risk acts were associated with low levels of anxiety, depression, and substance use and high self-esteem, suggesting that HIV interventions must address non-HIV-related issues confronting youths in difficult life circumstances.
Abstract: Objective: This longitudinal study examined predictors of patterns of change in HIV sexual risk acts among homosexual and bisexual adolescent males Method: A consecutive series of 136 homosexual and bisexual adolescent males aged 14-19 years were recruited into the study Subjects were predominantly Hispanic (51%) and African American (31%) and seeking services at a homosexual-identified community-based agency in New York city All subjects participated in an intensive HIV intervention program Patterns of change in HIV sexual risk acts were based on assessments at four points (intake and 3, 6, and 12 months later) and were used to classify youths as demonstrating one of five patterns of anal and oral sexual acts: protected (anal: 45%, oral: 25%), improved (32% and 28%, respectively), relapse (5% and 8%), variable (8% and 15%), and unprotected (10% and 24%) Components of the health belief, self-efficacy, peer influence, coping, and distress models were assessed as predictors of these patterns Results: Protected and improved patterns of sexual risk acts were associated with low levels of anxiety, depression, and substance use and high self-esteem Conclusions: These data suggest that HIV interventions must address non-HIV-related issues confronting youths in difficult life circumstances, particularly emotional distress and the role of peer networks for homosexual and bisexual youths
102 citations
TL;DR: Ethnic/racial and gender differences were found in risk behaviors for STDs among a sample of incarcerated adolescents and significantly more females than males reported a history of STDs.
99 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined general international relations beliefs, attributions for the liberalization of the Soviet Union toward former Warsaw Pact countries, threat assessments, and policy beliefs and found that most beliefs in 1991 continued to show considerable consistency in overall structure to their patterning 5 years previously.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine general international relations beliefs, attributions for the liberalization of the Soviet Union toward former Warsaw Pact countries, threat assessments, and policy beliefs. A survey was conducted by mail in which 555 U.S. subscribers to International Security completed a questionnaire between June 7 and August 19, 1991. The results, compared with those of a comparable sample assessed in 1986, indicated that this foreign policy elite have changed their beliefs dramatically in some respects in response to political changes. However, most beliefs in 1991 continued to show considerable consistency in overall structure to their patterning 5 years previously.
7 citations
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: A longitudinal study examined predictors of patterns of change in HIV sexual risk acts among homosexual and bisexual adolescent males as discussed by the authors, which indicated that HIV interventions must address non-HIVrelated issues confronting youths in difficult life circumstances.
Abstract: Objective: This longitudinal study examined predictors of patterns of change in HIV sexual risk acts among homosexual and bisexual adolescent males. Method: A consecutive series of 136 homosexual and bisexual adolescent males aged 14-19 years were recruited into the study. Subjects were predominantly Hispanic (51%) and African American (31%) and seeking services at a homosexual-identified community-based agency in New York city. All subjects participated in an intensive HIV intervention program. Patterns of change in HIV sexual risk acts were based on assessments at four points (intake and 3, 6, and 12 months later) and were used to classify youths as demonstrating one of five patterns of anal and oral sexual acts: protected (anal: 45%, oral: 25%), improved (32% and 28%, respectively), relapse (5% and 8%), variable (8% and 15%), and unprotected (10% and 24%). Components of the health belief, self-efficacy, peer influence, coping, and distress models were assessed as predictors of these patterns. Results: Protected and improved patterns of sexual risk acts were associated with low levels of anxiety, depression, and substance use and high self-esteem. Conclusions: These data suggest that HIV interventions must address non-HIV-related issues confronting youths in difficult life circumstances, particularly emotional distress and the role of peer networks for homosexual and bisexual youths
5 citations
TL;DR: Ability to experience sexual pleasure was significantly and positively correlated between patients and their spouses and further research is needed to examine psychosocial factors that affect sexuality for this population of women with metastatic breast cancer.
Abstract: This study examines the relationships of mood, age, living with a spouse, and time elapsed since diagnosis of first recurrence to sexual interest. Seventy-two women with metastatic breast cancer and 26 of their spouses were recruited through their oncologists. Women and their spouses were administered a battery of measures designed to assess psychosocial and medical variables. Eighty-three percent of the women and 100% of the spouses indicated that sexual pleasure was something they wanted to experience; however, only 25% of the women indicating this interest and only 19% of the spouses reported that it had been easy for them to experience sexual pleasure. For patients, living with a spouse was significantly associated with being interested in experiencing sexual pleasure [p <.05]. Patients with lower mood disturbance were significantly more able to experience sexual pleasure than those with high mood disturbance scores [p <.05]. Ability to experience sexual pleasure was significantly and positively correlated between patients and their spouses (r=.56, p <.01). Sexuality is an important aspect of quality of life for metastatic breast cancer patients and their spouses. Further research is needed to examine psychosocial factors that affect sexuality for this population.
4 citations
Journal Article•
2 citations