Christian Brochmann

TL;DR: Four case studies representing a large variety of population genetics investigations differing in their sampling strategies, in the type of organism studied (plant or animal) and the molecular markers used [microsatellites or amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), and the estimated genotyping error rate are considered.

TL;DR: The near‐term future of DNA metabarcoding has an enormous potential to boost data acquisition in biodiversity research as further developments associated with the impressive progress in DNA sequencing will eliminate the currently required DNA amplification step, and comprehensive taxonomic reference libraries can be built based on the well‐curated DNA extract collections maintained by standardized barcoding initiatives.

TL;DR: It is found that ascomycetes will more easily amplify than basidiomycete ITS sequences using these regions as targets, and this bias can be avoided by using primers amplifying ITS1 only, but this would imply preferential amplification of 'non-dikarya' fungi.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that polysomic inheritance may provide a short-term evolutionary advantage for autopolyploids compared to diploid relatives when environmental change enforces range shifts, and should possess increased genome flexibility, allowing them to adapt and persist across heterogeneous landscapes in the long run.

TL;DR: There is now excellent fossil, molecular and phytogeographical evidence to support Hultén's proposal that Beringia was a major northern refugium for arctic plants throughout the Quaternary, but most molecular evidence fails to support his proposal that contemporary east and west Atlantic populations of circumarctic and amphi‐Atlantic species have been separated throughout the quaternary.