High-speed railway lines on soft ground: dynamic behaviour at critical train speed

Ground vibration generated by a load moving along a railway track

The experimental validation of a numerical model for the prediction of railway induced vibrations

This paper is a review of the effect of vehicle characteristics on ground- and track borne-vibrations from railways. It combines traditional theory with modern thinking and uses a range of numerical analysis and experimental results to provide a broad analysis of the subject area. First, the effect of different train types on vibration propagation is investigated. Then, despite not being the focus of this work, numerical approaches to vibration propagation modelling within the track and soil are briefly touched upon. Next an in-depth discussion is presented related to the evolution of numerical models, with analysis of the suitability of various modelling approaches for analysing vehicle effects. The differences between quasi-static and dynamic characteristics are also discussed with insights into defects such as wheel/rail irregularities. Additionally, as an appendix, a modest database of train types are presented along with detailed information related to their physical attributes. It is hoped that this information may provide assistance to future researchers attempting to simulate railway vehicle vibrations. It is concluded that train type and the contact conditions at the wheel/rail interface can be influential in the generation of vibration. Therefore, where possible, when using numerical approach, the vehicle should be modelled in detail. Additionally, it was found that there are a wide variety of modelling approaches capable of simulating train types effects. If non-linear behaviour needs to be included in the model, then time domain simulations are preferable, however if the system can be assumed linear then frequency domain simulations are suitable due to their reduced computational demand.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23248378.2014.897791

Railway-induced ground vibrations – a review of vehicle effects

High-speed trains have become one of the most important and advanced branches of intelligent transportation, of which the reliability and safety are still not mature enough for keeping up with other aspects. The first objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review on the fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) techniques for high-speed trains. The second purpose of this work is, motivated by the pros and cons of the FDD methods for high-speed trains, to provide researchers and practitioners with informative guidance. Then, the application of FDD for high-speed trains is presented using data-driven methods which are receiving increasing attention in transportation fields over the past ten years. Finally, the challenges and promising issues are speculated for the future investigation.

A Review of Fault Detection and Diagnosis for the Traction System in High-Speed Trains

This paper outlines a test program in southern Sweden for measurement of the vibration induced in the ground and railway embankment by high-speed trains, together with a rigorous numerical model developed for the prediction of embankment/ground response. In this formulation the ground is modeled as a layered viscoelastic half-space, and the railway embankment is modeled as a viscoelastic beam excited by the moving loads of the train. The model uses the Kausel-Roeesset Green's functions to calculate the soil stiffness matrix at the ground-embankment interface and assembles it with the dynamic stiffness matrix of the embankment. The solution is carried out in the frequency domain, and the time histories of the motions are derived through a Fourier synthesis of the frequency components. Numerous simulations of train-induced vibration are presented for the ground conditions and embankment parameters at the test site and compared with measured records. The simulations agree well with the measurements, both in qualitative and quantitative terms. In particular, the large ground deformations registered for train speeds exceeding 140 km/h are reproduced by the simulations. With the help of the prediction model, the effectiveness of a remediation measure for the mitigation of ground vibration is explored.

Ground vibration from high-speed trains: Prediction and countermeasure

Prediction model for low frequency vibration from high speed railways on soft ground

A semi-empirical model for predicting low frequency vibration that may annoy building occupants in areas with soft ground conditions has been developed and used for the planning of a new high speed railway line in Norway. The model has a statistical formulation, and predicts both expected values and confidence limits for the vibration. The model is based on a large number of vibration measurements in Norway and Sweden. To manage the systematic and unified handling of the measured vibration data needed to develop the model, a database has been defined and established. It is hoped that more institutions could agree on using one common data structure and start data interchange. This would make more data available for continued improvements of empirical prediction models and for validation of numerical vibration simulation codes.

Christian Madshus

Papers

High-speed railway lines on soft ground: dynamic behaviour at critical train speed

Ground vibration from high-speed trains: Prediction and countermeasure

Prediction model for low frequency vibration from high speed railways on soft ground

Prediction model for low frequency vibration from high speed railways on soft ground

Vibration in dwellings from road and rail traffic - part ii: exposure-effect relationships based on ordinal logit and logistic regression models