世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.

Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity

Offering a unifying theoretical perspective not readily available in any other text, this innovative guide to econometrics uses simple geometrical arguments to develop students' intuitive understanding of basic and advanced topics, emphasizing throughout the practical applications of modern theory and nonlinear techniques of estimation. One theme of the text is the use of artificial regressions for estimation, reference, and specification testing of nonlinear models, including diagnostic tests for parameter constancy, serial correlation, heteroscedasticity, and other types of mis-specification. Explaining how estimates can be obtained and tests can be carried out, the authors go beyond a mere algebraic description to one that can be easily translated into the commands of a standard econometric software package. Covering an unprecedented range of problems with a consistent emphasis on those that arise in applied work, this accessible and coherent guide to the most vital topics in econometrics today is indispensable for advanced students of econometrics and students of statistics interested in regression and related topics. It will also suit practising econometricians who want to update their skills. Flexibly designed to accommodate a variety of course levels, it offers both complete coverage of the basic material and separate chapters on areas of specialized interest.

Estimation and Inference in Econometrics

Indigenous groups offer alternative knowledge and perspectives based on their own locally developed practices of resource use. We surveyed the international literature to focus on the role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in monitoring, responding to, and managing ecosystem processes and functions, with special attention to ecological resilience. Case studies revealed that there exists a diversity of local or traditional practices for ecosystem management. These include multiple species management, resource rotation, succession management, landscape patchiness management, and other ways of responding to and managing pulses and ecological surprises. Social mechanisms behind these traditional practices include a number of adaptations for the generation, accumulation, and transmission of knowledge; the use of local institutions to provide leaders/stewards and rules for social regulation; mechanisms for cultural internalization of traditional practices; and the development of appropriate world views and cultural values. Some traditional knowledge and management systems were characterized by the use of local ecological knowledge to interpret and respond to feedbacks from the environment to guide the direction of resource management. These traditional systems had certain similarities to adaptive management with its emphasis on feedback learning, and its treatment of uncertainty and unpredictability intrinsic to all ecosystems.

http://wildrodopi.org/data/documents/Rediscovery-Traditional-Ecological=20Knowledge.pdf

Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management

/pdf/managing-biodiversity-in-spatially-and-temporally-complex-3po2k4e8pa.pdf

Managing Biodiversity in Spatially and Temporally Complex Agricultural Landscapes

Biodiversity as a product of smallholders responses to change in Amazonia

We were on a small boat bound from the Peruvian city of Pucallpa to Dos de Mayo, an Amazonian lowland village. This trip takes several days, which granted us time to think about this debate on the proper goal of conservation. We mention this unusual place and situation because it colored our thoughts and affected the comments we make here. Confined to a small bench in this large canoe that rarely touches shore (with no access to references), we took our inspiration from being on one of the major tributaries of the world’s biggest river, that cuts through the world’s largest forest, that is within the world’s most iconic conservation regions. Newton and Freyfogle argue that the term sustainability is not equal to its task of being the “guiding light” of environmental conservation. Its shortcomings, they insist, are many. A fundamental problem, cited by others as well, is the term’s vagueness and utter malleability. Sustainability, they insist, “lacks solid meaning,” and its very popularity signals its inadequacy. They go on to enumerate other deficiencies of the term: it is not informed by the latest science; it is uninspiring; it is without a moral component; and it is not linked to the land. That today’s central theme of conservation is so roundly defective is, according to Newton and Freyfogle, both a sign of just how “on the rocks” conservation is today and, presumably, a cause of “our find[ing] ourselves. . . in such an intellectual morass.” As a remedy to this alarming situation, they suggest that sustainability be replaced by another term: land health. Although we agree with some of these criticisms of the utility of sustainability as a central tenet for conservation, we fundamentally disagree with others and reject, although somewhat reluctantly, the suggested solution to their terminological dilemma. In addressing the authors’ primary complaint, we do not argue that as a term sustainability is malleable. This common complaint is aptly dismissed by Sarewitz (2001),

Conserving Concepts: in Praise of Sustainability

This paper presents a case of planting and management of natural regeneration of shihuahuaco (Dipteryx spp.) by recent migrants in a Peruvian Amazonian logging frontier. We interviewed residents of three communities of smallholders in Irazola District, Province of Padre Abad, Region of Ucayali, located within the historic and actual boundaries of an active logging concession, and conducted growth studies of shihuahuaco trees planted in two mixed-species agroforestry fields, over a period of 3 years. We found that the majority of landholders were managing the natural regeneration of valuable hardwood timber trees, and planting seedlings on their lands. Growth of shihuahuaco trees in agroforestry fields was comparable to growth rates in managed silvicultural plantations, which suggests the potential for local smallholders activities to contribute to conservation of genetic stock and eventual renewal of populations depleted by logging. We recommend greater recognition and inclusion of local people, with their innovative and productive silvicultural practices, in efforts to remediate the impacts of selective logging of high-value timber species.

Christine Padoch

Papers

Managing Biodiversity in Spatially and Temporally Complex Agricultural Landscapes

Biodiversity as a product of smallholders responses to change in Amazonia

Conserving Concepts: in Praise of Sustainability

Putting Back the Trees: Smallholder Silvicultural Enrichment of Post-Logged Concession Forest in Peruvian Amazonia

Introduction the bora agroforestry project