Christopher K. Kepler

TL;DR: The AOSpine TL injury classification system is clinically relevant according to the consensus agreement of the international team of spine trauma experts and requires prospective observational data collection documenting use of the classification system, therapeutic decision making, and clinical follow-up evaluation by a large number of surgeons from different countries.

TL;DR: It is suggested that genetic factors account for up to 75% of individual susceptibility to IVD degeneration, far more than the environmental factors such as occupational exposure or smoking that were previously suspected to figure prominently in this process.

TL;DR: The AOSpine subaxial cervical spine injury classification system demonstrated substantial reliability in this initial assessment, and could be a valuable tool for communication, patient care and for research purposes.

TL;DR: The LLIF approach is effective in correcting the coronal plane deformity and in gaining lordosis at individual instrumented levels and parallelize adjacent end plates to correct the lumbar scoliotic curves.

TL;DR: Spinal surgical interventions have been associated with ASD, however, whether such interventions may lead to an acceleration of the natural history of the disease remains questionable.