Air pollution in mega cities in China

Membrane distillation: A comprehensive review

A framework for better understanding membrane distillation separation process

https://hal-ineris.archives-ouvertes.fr/ineris-00961872/document

Modelling air quality in street canyons : a review

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on jet impingement heat transfer. The chapter describes the applications and physics of the flow and heat transfer phenomena, available empirical correlations and values they predict, and numerical simulation techniques and results of impinging jet devices for heat transfer. The relative strengths and drawbacks of the Reynolds stress model, algebraic stress models, shear stress transport, and v 2 f turbulence models for impinging jet flow and heat transfer are compared in the chapter. The chapter provides select model equations as well as quantitative assessments of model errors and judgments of model suitability. The review of recent impinging jet research publications identified a series of engineering research tasks that are important for improving the design and resulting performance of impinging jets: (1) clearly resolve the physical mechanisms by which multiple peaks occur in the transfer coefficient profiles, and clarify which mechanism(s) dominate in various geometries and Reynolds number regimes, (2) develop a turbulence model, and associated wall treatment if necessary, that reliably and efficiently provides time-averaged transfer coefficients, (3) develop alternate nozzle and installation geometries that provide higher efficiency, meaning improved Nu profiles at either a set flow or set blower power, and (4) further explore the effects of jet interference in jet array geometries, both experimentally and numerically. This includes improved design of exit pathways for spent flow in array installations.

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Jet Impingement Heat Transfer: Physics, Correlations, and Numerical Modeling

Validation of a two-dimensional pollutant dispersion model in an isolated street canyon

Air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) is an innovative membrane separation technique for pure water extraction from aqueous solutions. In this study, both theoretical and experimental investigations are carried out on AGMD of different aqueous solutions, namely, tap water, salted water, dyed solutions, acid solutions, and alkali solutions. A simple mechanistic model of heat and mass transfer associated with AGMD is developed. Simple relationships of permeate flux, total heating or cooling load and thermal efficiency of AGMD with respect to the membrane distillation temperature difference are obtained. Effects of solution concentration and the width of the air gap in AGMD are analyzed. In the experimental study, the experiments were conducted using 1m PTFE membrane with a membrane distillation temperature difference up to 55∘C. The AGMD system yields a permeate flux of pure water of up to 28kg/m2h. Direct comparison of the experimental results with the proposed modeling predictions shows a fairly good match.

Chun Wah Leung

Papers

Validation of a two-dimensional pollutant dispersion model in an isolated street canyon

Theoretical and experimental studies on air gap membrane distillation

Combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine with H2, CH4 and H2–CH4 addition

Heat transfer characteristics of a slot jet impinging on a semi-circular convex surface

Characterisation of diesel exhaust particle number and size distributions using mini-dilution tunnel and ejector-diluter measurement techniques