Showing papers by "Cyrus Cooper published in 1991"

Screening for vertebral osteoporosis using individual risk factors. The Multicentre Vertebral Fracture Study Group.

Abstract: Osteoporosis is a major cause of ill health in postmenopausal women. Several risk factors for osteoporosis have been identified, and they have been widely recommended as a means of identifying subgroups of postmenopausal women who might benefit from prophylaxis and therapy. Evidence to support this use of risk factors is currently lacking, however. We have constructed and evaluated a profile of putative risk factors as a means of identifying women attending general practitioners who have sustained vertebral fractures. The overall prevalence of vertebral fractures in the 1012 women (mean age 64.4 years) studied was 7.8%. Women who had sustained vertebral fractures in this population were significantly (p<0.05) older and shorter than those without fractures. They reported a significantly (p<0.05) earlier menopause, lower parity and a greater prevalence of hyperthyroidism. However, the best screening instrument devised was not sufficiently predictive to warrant widespread use.

Osteoarthritis of the hip and osteoporosis of the proximal femur

Abstract: A negative association has been reported between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. There are, however, few population based data to support this association. In this study the bone density in the upper femur was compared with the presence and severity of hip osteoarthritis in 314 subjects undergoing radiography for non-skeletal indications. There was a statistically significant negative association between the two disorders. This relation may reflect differences in the cause of these two major musculoskeletal conditions.

Fractures of the Hip and Distal Forearm in West Africa and the United Kingdom

Abstract: Comparison of age- and sex-specific incidence rates of fractures of the proximal femur and the distal forearm showed significantly lower rates in Ibadan than in two urban centres in England, with risk ratio of up to 20. In the Ibadan data no evidence of higher rates in women or of a prominent age-associated increase in rates was observed.

Water fluoridation and hip fracture.

Abstract: To the Editor. — In a recent article inThe Journal, Jacobsen et al 1 demonstrated a positive ecologic association between hip fracture discharge rates in the United States and fluoride content in water supplies. In a similar study, we recently reported the ecological association of discharge rates for hip fracture and water fluoride levels in 39 county districts in England. 2 Our study was performed in response to the suggestion that fluoridation of water might serve to stem the rising tide of hip fracture in western populations. Such a strategy was supported by laboratory evidence that fluoride was a potent inducer of bone formation, and by epidemiologic studies from Finland and the United States demonstrating lower rates of hip fractures associated with higher water fluoride levels. Our analysis demonstrated no significant association between discharge rate and total fluoride concentration ( r =.16, P =.34). This lack of association was found

Bisphosphonates and vertebral fracture: an epidemiological perspective.

Abstract: In this issue of the Journal, we have elected to publish a manuscript which evaluates the cardiovascular effects of estrogen therapy (Review Article \"Extraskeletal Effects of Estrogen and the Prevention of Atherosclerosis\" by Trudy L. Bush, pages 5-11), which represents a review of the literature based on a presentation made by Trudy Bush at the last International Symposium on Osteoporosis held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in October 1990. It is immediately obvious that it does not address the primary interest of this journal, namely osteoporosis. However, it is the view of the editors that such material is important in the utilization of estrogens in postmenopausal women because, clearly, estrogens are agents which are capable of reducing the rate of bone loss among postmenopausal women, and therefore are effective in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. When the Journal receives articles such as this, which provide information pertinent to the management of patients with osteoporosis, the editors will, at their discretion, publish them. The editors welcome discussion of this issue by the readers of the Journal in the form of letters to the editor.